lyse
lyse — 動詞
- lysepresent simple I / you / we / they
- lyses3rd person singular
- lysing-ing form
- lysedpast simple
1. When a cell or similar tiny living structure splits open and its inner contents
裂解
細胞或細菌自行破裂，內容物釋出
When a cell or similar tiny living structure splits open and its inner contents spill out, usually because its outer wall or covering has broken down.
The red blood cells lysed after sitting in the weak salt solution for ten minutes.
紅血球在淡鹽水中放了十分鐘後便裂解了。
Placed in pure water, the tiny organism swelled quickly and then lysed.
被放進純水後，那微小的生物迅速膨脹，接著就裂解了。
intransitive: the subject itself undergoes the process
Bacterial cells lyse when a virus injects its DNA through their outer wall.
當病毒將 DNA 注入細菌時，細菌細胞便會裂解。
Without a strong cell wall, the bacterium will lyse in even a mild salt mixture.
若沒有堅固的細胞壁，細菌即使在溫和的鹽水中也會裂解。
It took only thirty seconds for the damaged blood cells to lyse completely.
受損的血球只花了三十秒就完全裂解了。
- rupture
more general; used for any kind of bursting, not only biological
- burst
everyday word; less precise for describing laboratory processes
- disintegrate
suggests breaking into many small pieces, not just splitting open
用法筆記
Used mainly in biology and laboratory medicine. The subject is always the cell, bacterium, or similar structure that breaks apart — you cannot use this sense with a person or tool as the subject.
常見錯誤
2. To make a cell or similar tiny organism split open and release what is inside it
使裂解
用外力或化學物質導致細胞破裂
To make a cell or similar tiny organism split open and release what is inside it, typically by using a chemical substance, heat, or physical pressure.
The technician used a mild soap to lyse the cell walls before the next step.
技術員用溫和的肥皂溶液裂解細胞壁，以便進行下一步。
Certain plant chemicals can lyse bacterial walls, causing the harmful cells to die.
某些植物化學物質能裂解細菌的細胞壁，導致有害細胞死亡。
transitive: chemical agent + lyse + target cells
To extract the DNA, you must first lyse the tissue in a buffer liquid.
要提取 DNA，你必須先用緩衝液使組織樣本裂解。
The enzyme lysed the yeast cells in under five minutes at room temperature.
這種酵素在室溫下不到五分鐘就裂解了酵母細胞。
Heat and a mild acid were used together to lyse the thick-walled plant cells.
研究人員用加熱和弱酸一起來裂解那厚壁的植物細胞。
- rupture
more general and less technical; used outside biology for pipes, tanks, and body organs
- break open
everyday phrase; lacks the scientific precision of 'lyse'
- disrupt
broader term meaning to disturb or interrupt a structure or process, not necessarily to split it open
文法句型
lyse + direct object
用法筆記
Common in laboratory protocols, pharmacology, and microbiology. The subject is the agent, method, or tool that causes cells to break apart — not the cells themselves.