pathological

IPA/ˌpæθəˈlɒdʒɪkl/
KK[pˌæθəlˈɑdʒɪkəl]IPA/ˌpæθəˈlɑːdʒɪkl/

pathological — 形容詞

  • pathologicalpositive
  • more pathologicalcomparative
  • most pathologicalsuperlative

1. describing behaviour or a way of thinking that is so extreme, unreasonable, and

1.形容詞B2
釋義

病態的

行為極端且無法控制

describing behaviour or a way of thinking that is so extreme, unreasonable, and impossible to control that it seems like a mental health condition — for example, a person who lies constantly even when it causes them harm, or jealousy that destroys every relationship they have

例句

Andrew's pathological jealousy made it impossible for him to trust anyone in a relationship.

Andrew 的病態嫉妒心讓他在感情中無法信任任何人。

pathological + noun describing extreme emotion

Daichi was a pathological gambler who lost his family's savings yet could not stop.

Daichi 是個病態賭徒，他輸光了家裡的積蓄卻仍無法停止。

pathological + noun (gambler) for an uncontrollable habit

常見搭配
  • pathological liar
  • pathological gambler
  • pathological jealousy
  • pathological fear
  • pathological need
  • pathological obsession
同義詞
  • compulsive

    stronger on the uncontrollable urge; common in medical and everyday use

  • obsessive

    focuses on repetitive thoughts rather than behaviour

  • irrational

    broader — any behaviour not based on reason, not necessarily extreme

反義詞
  • rational

    based on clear thinking and good judgement

  • reasonable

    fair and sensible in everyday conduct

文法句型

pathological + noun (liar, gambler, jealousy, fear, need)

用法筆記

Frequently appears before nouns describing negative personality traits (liar, gambler, jealousy). The behaviour it describes is not necessarily diagnosed as a medical condition — the word often expresses a strong judgement about how extreme or unhealthy someone's actions are.

常見錯誤

He has a pathological disease in his lungs.
He has a pathological fear of failure.
Use 'pathological' for extreme behaviour or thinking, not for a physical illness. For physical disease use 'disease-related' or 'caused by disease' (sense 3).

2. relating to the branch of medical science that examines body tissues, fluids, an

2.形容詞B2
釋義

病理學的

與疾病研究相關

relating to the branch of medical science that examines body tissues, fluids, and cells to understand the causes and effects of diseases

例句

Mathieu examined the pathological reports from three different hospital labs before making a diagnosis.

Mathieu 查閱了三間不同醫院實驗室的病理學報告後才做出診斷。

pathological report — a formal document from a pathology lab

Gabriel chose a career in pathological research after watching his grandmother recover from cancer.

Gabriel 在目睹祖母抗癌成功後，選擇了病理學研究作為職業。

pathological research — scientific study of disease mechanisms

常見搭配
  • pathological report
  • pathological laboratory
  • pathological anatomy
  • pathological research
  • pathological diagnosis
同義詞
  • pathologic

    less common variant with the same technical meaning; used in academic writing

文法句型

pathological + noun (laboratory, report, anatomy, research)

用法筆記

This is the most technical sense, used mainly in medical and academic contexts. The noun form 'pathology' is more common in everyday medical speech (e.g., 'She works in pathology').

常見錯誤

The doctor sent the blood sample to the pathological department.
The doctor sent the blood sample to the pathology department.
When referring to the hospital department itself, use 'pathology' rather than 'pathological'.

3. caused by or involving a physical disease or illness, especially referring to ch

3.形容詞B2
釋義

病變的

由疾病引起的身體變化

caused by or involving a physical disease or illness, especially referring to changes in the body's tissues or organs that result from illness

例句

Heloísa's blood test showed no pathological changes in her cell counts, to her relief.

Heloísa 的血液檢測顯示她的細胞數量沒有出現病變，這讓她鬆了一口氣。

pathological + changes — physical alterations from disease

Piotr's doctor explained the pathological effects of long-term smoking on lung tissue.

Piotr 的醫生向他解釋了長期吸菸對肺組織造成的病變影響。

常見搭配
  • pathological changes
  • pathological condition
  • pathological effects
  • pathological signs
  • pathological process
  • pathological findings
同義詞
  • diseased

    simpler and more direct; less common in formal medical writing

  • morbid

    scientific term for disease-related; also has an unrelated psychological meaning ('morbid curiosity')

反義詞
  • healthy

    showing no signs of disease or damage

  • normal

    within the typical range for healthy tissue or function

文法句型

pathological + noun (condition, changes, effects, signs)

用法筆記

Frequently used in medical reports and academic writing about disease processes. Unlike sense 1, this sense refers only to physical disease — never to behaviour or personality.

常見錯誤

She has a pathological cough.
The scan showed pathological changes in her lungs.
'Pathological' does not describe symptoms like a cough; it describes changes in the body's structure caused by disease.

同根字

常見搭配

名詞搭配

副詞搭配

  • pathologically (e.g., pathologically jealous, pathologically honest)

常用片語

  • pathological anatomy
  • pathological diagnosis
  • pathological research
  • pathological science