promulgate

IPA/ˈprɒmlɡeɪt/
KK[promˈʌlɡet]IPA/ˈprɑːmlɡeɪt/

promulgate — 動詞

  • promulgatepresent simple I / you / we / they
  • promulgateshe / she / it
  • promulgatedpast simple
  • promulgating-ing form

1. to actively promote a particular set of beliefs, opinions, or information so tha

1.動詞及物C1
釋義

宣揚；傳播

有意識地向大眾廣泛傳播思想

to actively promote a particular set of beliefs, opinions, or information so that a large number of people encounter and consider them, often as part of a campaign intended to shape public thinking — for instance, travelling to different communities to give talks, distributing pamphlets, or posting regularly on social media about a cause.

例句

Gita spent years promulgating her ideas about sustainable farming across rural communities in northern India.

Gita 花了多年時間，在印度北部的農村社區宣揚她的永續農業理念。

promulgate + ideas about [topic] across [region/group]

The environmental group used short videos to promulgate their message about the dangers of plastic pollution.

該環保團體利用短片傳播反對塑膠污染的訊息。

同義詞
  • propagate

    more biological/technical; used for ideas spreading through a population (like a meme or belief system), whereas 'promulgate' emphasises deliberate top-down promotion

  • disseminate

    neutral and information-focused; often used for distributing research, data, or official documents to a target audience

  • broadcast

    refers specifically to mass-media transmission (radio, TV, social platforms); less formal and less deliberate than 'promulgate'

  • circulate

    implies passive or peer-to-peer spread rather than an active campaign by a central promoter

反義詞
  • suppress

    to prevent ideas or information from becoming widely known

  • conceal

    to keep something hidden rather than actively spreading it

文法句型

promulgate + noun phrase (beliefs, ideas, message)

用法筆記

Frequently carries a tone of intentional advocacy — the subject is typically an institution, movement leader, or committed individual who actively works to persuade others, not just casually mention an idea.

常見錯誤

❌The teacher promulgated the homework assignment to the class.
✅The teacher announced the homework assignment to the class.
💡'promulgate' is too formal and weighty for routine classroom announcements.
❌She promulgated the news about the party on WhatsApp.
✅She spread the news about the party on WhatsApp.
💡'promulgate' implies a serious effort to influence public opinion, not casual social sharing.

2. to formally publish or declare a piece of legislation, regulation, or policy so

2.動詞及物C1
釋義

公布；頒布

由政府依法正式對外公布

to formally publish or declare a piece of legislation, regulation, or policy so that citizens become aware of their new legal obligations — for example, when a government prints a new rule in the official record or a city council reads a new ordinance at a public session.

例句

In 2024 the Indonesian government promulgated a regulation requiring all large companies to report their carbon emissions annually.

2024 年，印尼政府頒布一項法規，要求所有大型企業每年申報碳排放量。

promulgate a regulation — government + legal context

The Seoul city council promulgated an ordinance that bans single-use plastic cups in all public parks.

首爾市議會公布了一項條例，禁止在所有公園使用一次性塑膠杯。

promulgate an ordinance

同義詞
  • proclaim

    more dramatic and ceremonial; often used for declarations of independence, royal announcements, or historic moments

  • announce

    neutral and general; lacks the formal, official weight of 'promulgate'

  • enact

    means to make a bill into law (legislative process), not just to announce it afterwards

  • decree

    used when a ruler or authority issues an order; more authoritarian in tone

反義詞
  • repeal

    to cancel or withdraw a law that was previously promulgated

文法句型

promulgate + noun phrase (law, regulation, ordinance, decree)

用法筆記

In legal contexts 'promulgate' is distinct from 'enact' — enactment is the legislative vote that creates the law, while promulgation is the subsequent official publication that notifies the public. The subject is always a government body, ministry, council, or other formal authority.

常見錯誤

❌The company promulgated a new dress code for employees.
✅The company introduced a new dress code for employees.
💡corporate policies are 'introduced' or 'rolled out'; 'promulgate' is reserved for government-level or official public announcements.
❌The principal promulgated a rule about cell phones in class.
✅The principal announced a new rule about cell phones in class.
💡'promulgate' is too formal for school-level rules.