sham
sham — 名詞
- shamsingular
- shamsplural
1. a situation, object, or person that is presented as real or genuine but is actua
假象；騙局
偽裝成真實事物的騙局或冒充者
a situation, object, or person that is presented as real or genuine but is actually a deliberate deception — for example, a company that claims to be charitable but keeps all the donations for itself.
The charity auction proved a sham — the money went to the organisers, not the homeless.
那場慈善拍賣會結果證明是一場騙局——款項都進了主辦方口袋，而不是給遊民。
a sham — noun phrase for a deceptive event
Naoko found her investment was a sham when the address was an empty warehouse.
Naoko 發現她的投資是一場騙局，因為那地址竟然是一間空倉庫。
The so-called healer was a sham who told people what they wanted to hear.
那位所謂的靈性治療師是個騙子，只管說人們想聽的話。
Journalists exposed the election as a sham, with ballot boxes stuffed before polling day.
記者揭露這場選舉是一場騙局，投票日之前票箱就已經被塞滿了。
Tomás dismissed the court case as a sham and refused to take part.
Tomás 駁斥這起法庭案件為一場騙局，拒絕參與。
- fake
broader term for anything not genuine; 'sham' emphasises deliberate deception while 'fake' can include non-deceptive copies
- fraud
stronger legal/moral force; 'fraud' is a crime, while 'sham' is a general label for anything deceptive
- impostor
specifically a person who pretends to be someone else; narrower than 'sham'
- genuine article
the real thing, not a copy or deception
文法句型
a sham
be a sham
用法筆記
Often preceded by 'a' or 'the' in the pattern 'be a sham'. Can refer both to an object/situation (e.g. a sham election) and to a person (e.g. a sham healer).
常見錯誤
sham — 動詞
- shampresent simple I / you / we / they
- shams3rd person singular
- shamming-ing form
- shammedpast simple
1. to pretend to have a particular feeling, illness, or condition in order to decei
假裝；裝出
裝出生病或某種情緒以欺騙他人
to pretend to have a particular feeling, illness, or condition in order to deceive others — for example, shamming a headache to avoid a task, or shamming sleep to avoid a conversation.
Paloma shammed a stomach ache so she could leave the dinner early.
Paloma 假裝胃痛，這樣就能早點離開晚宴。
sham + illness (stomach ache)
The cat shammed a limp for two days, then suddenly sprinted after a bird.
那隻貓裝了兩天跛腳，然後突然衝出去追鳥。
Diego shammed interest in the lecture while secretly texting under the desk.
Diego 假裝對講座感興趣，同時偷偷在桌子底下傳訊息。
Some athletes sham injuries during matches to get extra recovery time.
有些運動員在比賽中假裝受傷，以便爭取更多的恢復時間。
文法句型
sham + noun (illness/injury/emotion)
用法筆記
Object is typically a physical condition (headache, injury) or an emotion (surprise, interest). Rarely used with a that-clause. More common in storytelling than in everyday speech.
常見錯誤
sham — 形容詞
- shampositive
- shammercomparative
- shammestsuperlative
1. made to look real or genuine for the purpose of deceiving people; not authentic.
虛假的
不是真的；用來騙人的
made to look real or genuine for the purpose of deceiving people; not authentic.
The couple went through a sham marriage just to get a residence permit.
那對夫婦為了取得居留許可而辦了一場假結婚。
sham + marriage (legal/institutional context)
Omar's sham apology fooled no one — he smiled while he spoke.
Omar 的虛假道歉騙不了任何人——他說話時還在笑。
The company ran a sham recycling programme that simply dumped waste in the river.
那家公司推行虛假的回收計劃，實際上只是把廢棄物倒進河裡。
Critics described the trial as a sham process where the verdict had been decided beforehand.
批評者稱這場審判為虛假程序，判決在開庭前就已經決定了。
Adisa bought a sham passport from a dealer and was stopped at the airport.
Adisa 向一名販子買了假護照，結果在機場被攔下來。
- genuine
authentic, real
文法句型
sham + noun
用法筆記
Used only before a noun (attributive), not after a linking verb. You say 'a sham marriage', not 'the marriage is sham'.