trans
/trænz/ (bre, ipa) · /trænz/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈtran(t)s ˈtranz/ (ame, mw) · /træns-/ (bre, ipa) · /træns-/ (ame, ipa)
trans — 形容詞
- transpositive
- transercomparative
- transestsuperlative
1. describes how atoms sit on opposing ends of a double carbon bond or ring structu
反式
分子原子位於雙鍵兩側
describes how atoms sit on opposing ends of a double carbon bond or ring structure, rather than clustering together on one side (the arrangement called cis)
Hiro and Adina compared the trans isomer with the cis version in their lab report.
Hiro 和 Adina 在實驗報告中比較了反式異構物和順式異構物。
trans isomer vs. cis isomer — contrasting chemical structures
The chemist explained that trans fats have a different molecular shape from cis fats.
化學家解釋說，反式脂肪的分子形狀與順式脂肪不同。
trans fats — common compound noun using the prefix
When the bond is trans, the two atoms sit on opposite sides of the chain.
當鍵結為反式時，兩個原子位於分子鏈的兩側。
Linh studied the structure of trans-2-butene during her organic chemistry exam.
Linh 在有機化學考試中研究了反式-2-丁烯的結構。
- E-isomer
IUPAC-preferred term for certain trans configurations; more formal and precise in academic chemistry writing
- cis
describes the arrangement where atoms are on the same side of the bond
用法筆記
Frequently paired with 'cis' to describe the two possible arrangements. Common in food science when discussing trans fats in processed foods.
常見錯誤
2. describes a person whose personal sense of their own gender is different from th
跨性別
性別認同與出生指定性別不同
describes a person whose personal sense of their own gender is different from the sex they were officially recorded as having at birth
Meera came out as trans during her second year at university.
Meera 在大二那年公開了自己的跨性別身分。
The clinic now offers hormone therapy and counseling for trans patients.
這間診所現在為跨性別患者提供荷爾蒙治療和心理諮商。
collocation: trans patients — healthcare context
Christopher wrote an article about the experiences of trans teenagers in school sports.
Christopher 寫了一篇關於跨性別青少年在學校體育活動中經驗的文章。
Liam's younger sibling is trans and has found strong support from friends at school.
Liam 的弟妹是跨性別者，在學校得到了朋友們的大力支持。
The library has a section with books by and about trans people.
圖書館有一個書架專門擺放由跨性別者撰寫或關於跨性別者的書籍。
- transgender
the full form of the word; slightly more formal but interchangeable in most contexts
- cisgender
describes a person whose gender identity matches the sex they were assigned at birth
用法筆記
Shortened form of 'transgender'. Used as an adjective, not a noun — write 'trans people' rather than 'transgenders'. Always respect the person's stated identity.
常見錯誤
trans — 字首
1. attached to words to mean 'across', 'on the other side of', or 'through' — for e
橫跨；穿越
從一側到另一側；通過
attached to words to mean 'across', 'on the other side of', or 'through' — for example, a transatlantic flight goes across the Atlantic Ocean
Mauricio took a transatlantic flight from New York to London for the conference.
Mauricio 搭乘橫跨大西洋的航班從紐約飛往倫敦參加會議。
transatlantic — across the Atlantic Ocean
The trans-Siberian railway is one of the longest train routes in the world.
西伯利亞鐵路是世界上最長的鐵路路線之一。
trans-Siberian — across Siberia
Caleb studied the transcontinental railroad that connected the east and west coasts of America.
Caleb 研究那條連接美國東西岸的橫貫大陸鐵路。
The cargo ship made a transpacific journey carrying electronics from China to Chile.
那艘貨輪載著電子產品從中國橫渡太平洋前往智利。
- cross-
similar meaning of 'across', but more common in words like cross-border or cross-Channel; less productive than trans-
用法筆記
Combines freely with place names and geographic words (transatlantic, transcontinental, transborder). Usually hyphenated when the root word is a proper noun (trans-Siberian).
2. attached to words to mean 'changing from one thing, place, or state to another'
轉變；轉移
從一種狀態或位置到另一種
attached to words to mean 'changing from one thing, place, or state to another' or 'moving something to a different position'
Élise needed a heart transplant after years of heart disease.
Élise 因多年心臟疾病需要進行心臟移植手術。
transplant — moving an organ from one body to another
The old factory was transformed into a modern art gallery with white walls and big windows.
那間舊工廠被改造成一座擁有白牆和大窗戶的現代美術館。
Ayana used a translation app to read the Japanese menu at the restaurant.
Ayana 用翻譯應用程式閱讀餐廳的日文菜單。
The company plans to transfer its warehouse operations to a larger building outside the city.
公司計劃將倉儲業務轉移到城外一棟更大的建築物。
Ingrid wants to become a nurse and help with blood transfusions at the local hospital.
Ingrid 想成為護理師，在當地醫院協助輸血工作。
- re-
also indicates change (remake, rebuild), but more about 'again' than 'across' or 'to another state'
用法筆記
This is the most productive sense of the prefix. It appears in many common English words (transport, transform, translate, transfer, transplant, transfusion). The core idea is always a movement or conversion from one location or state to another.
常見錯誤
3. appended to chemical names when the atoms being described sit across from one an
反式（化學）
化學名詞中表示原子在分子兩側
appended to chemical names when the atoms being described sit across from one another on either end of a double carbon bond — the opposite arrangement from cis
Cyrus studied the boiling points of cis-2-butene and trans-2-butene for his lab report.
Cyrus 為了實驗報告研究了順式-2-丁烯和反式-2-丁烯的沸點。
trans-2-butene — chemical naming convention
Food manufacturers are now required to list trans-fat content clearly on nutrition labels.
食品製造商現在被要求在營養標籤上清楚標示反式脂肪含量。
The textbook showed a diagram of a trans double bond with the hydrogen atoms on opposite sides.
教科書中有一張圖顯示了反式雙鍵，氫原子位於兩側。
The research paper compared how cis and trans fatty acids behave differently in the human body.
該研究論文比較了順式與反式脂肪酸在人體內的不同作用。
- cis-
the prefix indicating atoms are on the same side of the bond
用法筆記
Used as a prefix in systematic chemical nomenclature, typically hyphenated before the compound name. Contrast this with the adjective sense (adj/1) which describes the resulting property of the molecule.
trans — 縮寫
1. written abbreviation for 'transaction', meaning a business deal or exchange of m
交易
業務交易或金錢交換的簡寫
written abbreviation for 'transaction', meaning a business deal or exchange of money, goods, or services
The bank statement listed every trans. made during the month of January.
銀行對帳單列出了一月期間進行的每一筆交易。
trans. — written abbreviation with period
Liam checked the credit card trans. from his trip to Japan last summer.
Liam 核對了去年夏天去日本旅行的信用卡交易記錄。
The receipt showed a cash trans. at the grocery store on Elm Street.
收據上顯示在 Elm Street 雜貨店有一筆現金交易。
Every online trans. is recorded in the customer's account history for tax purposes.
每筆線上交易都會記錄在客戶的帳戶歷史中，以備報稅之用。
用法筆記
Found mainly in financial records, receipts, and banking documents. Always written with a period (trans.) in formal writing.
2. written abbreviation for 'transitive', describing a verb that must be followed b
及物
及物動詞的簡寫
written abbreviation for 'transitive', describing a verb that must be followed by a direct object to form a complete sentence
In the dictionary, the letter 'T' stands for 'trans.' meaning a transitive verb.
字典中的字母 T 代表「及物」，表示及物動詞。
trans. — grammar notation in dictionaries
Adina looked up 'enjoy' and saw that it was marked 'trans.' in the grammar notes.
Adina 查詢了「enjoy」這個字，看到文法標註寫著「及物」。
The verb 'kick' is labelled trans. because it needs a direct object like 'the ball'.
動詞「kick」被標註為及物動詞，因為它需要一個直接受詞，例如「the ball」。
Learners should check whether each verb is trans. or intr. before writing a sentence.
學習者在造句前應先查詢每個動詞是及物還是不及物。
- intr.
abbreviation for intransitive, meaning the verb does not take a direct object
用法筆記
Commonly used in dictionaries and grammar reference works alongside 'intr.' (intransitive) to label verb types.
3. written abbreviation for 'translation', 'translated', or 'translator' — referrin
翻譯；譯者
翻譯或譯者的簡寫
written abbreviation for 'translation', 'translated', or 'translator' — referring to the process or person that converts text from one language to another
The bibliography listed Smith, J. (trans.) for the English version of the novel.
參考文獻中列出 Smith，J.（譯）作為該小說的英文版本譯者。
trans. — bibliographic abbreviation for translator
Ingrid wrote 'trans. from French by M. Laurent' on the title page of her thesis.
Ingrid 在她的論文扉頁上寫著「譯自法文，M. Laurent 譯」。
The footnote at the bottom said 'trans. from the original German manuscript.'
底下的註腳寫著「譯自德文原稿」。
Hiro checked the trans. credits at the end of the film to see who did the subtitles.
Hiro 在電影結束時查看了翻譯人員名單，看看是誰製作的字幕。
用法筆記
Appears in bibliographies, academic citations, and book title pages. Can stand for 'translation', 'translated by', or 'translator' depending on context.
4. written abbreviation for 'transmission', especially the system in a vehicle that
傳動
車輛傳動系統的簡寫
written abbreviation for 'transmission', especially the system in a vehicle that sends power from the engine to the wheels
The mechanic said the trans. in Caleb's car needed to be replaced soon.
技師說 Caleb 車上的變速箱需要盡快更換。
trans. — mechanical/automotive abbreviation
The repair manual shows how to check the fluid level in the automatic trans.
維修手冊說明了如何檢查自排變速箱的油量。
The trans. fluid was dark and smelled burnt, so the mechanic flushed the system.
變速箱油顏色變深且有燒焦味，所以技師沖洗了整個系統。
Ayana took her truck to the shop for a full trans. inspection before the long trip.
Ayana 在長途旅行前將卡車送到維修廠進行全面變速箱檢查。
用法筆記
Used mainly in automotive repair guides, vehicle service records, and parts catalogs. The full word 'transmission' is more common in everyday speech.
5. written abbreviation for 'transportation', meaning the system or activity of mov
交通；運輸
交通運輸的簡寫
written abbreviation for 'transportation', meaning the system or activity of moving people or goods from one place to another
The city's Dept. of Trans. announced new bus routes for the downtown area.
市政府的交通局宣布了新市中心公車路線。
Dept. of Trans. — government department abbreviation
Mauricio works for the local trans. authority managing the train schedules.
Mauricio 在當地的交通管理局工作，負責管理火車時刻表。
The school's trans. department runs twelve buses every morning and afternoon.
學校的交通運輸部門每天早晚各營運十二輛校車。
The city increased the trans. budget to repair the old train tracks and stations.
市政府增加了交通預算，用於修復老舊的火車軌道和車站。
用法筆記
More common in American English than British English. Often appears in government agency names (e.g. 'Dept. of Trans.' or 'DOT').
6. written abbreviation for 'transverse', meaning positioned or lying across someth
橫向
橫向位置的簡寫
written abbreviation for 'transverse', meaning positioned or lying across something, especially a body part or structure
The surgeon cut along the trans. muscle in the patient's abdomen during the procedure.
外科醫師在患者腹部沿著橫肌切開，進行手術。
trans. — medical/anatomical abbreviation
The anatomy textbook labelled the trans. colon in the diagram of the digestive system.
解剖學課本在消化系統圖中標示了橫結腸。
The MRI scan showed a small tear in the trans. ligament of the patient's knee.
MRI 掃描顯示患者膝蓋的橫韌帶有輕微撕裂。
Doctors examined a trans. section of the spine to check for nerve damage.
醫師檢查了脊椎的橫切面，以確認是否有神經損傷。
用法筆記
Found mainly in medical anatomy texts, surgical notes, and biological diagrams. The full word 'transverse' is preferred in most other contexts.