vandalism
vandalism — 名詞
1. the act of deliberately breaking, damaging, or marking the property of another p
毀損
故意損壞他人財物的犯罪行為
the act of deliberately breaking, damaging, or marking the property of another person or the public, which is treated as a crime.
Naoko was shocked to see the vandalism in the park — the benches were all broken.
Naoko 看到公園裡的破壞景象非常震驚——長椅全被弄壞了。
uncountable noun for criminal property damage
The school installed cameras to stop vandalism after someone painted on the walls.
有人在牆上塗鴉後，學校安裝了監視器來防止破壞行為。
Graffiti is sometimes seen as vandalism, but others view it as street art.
塗鴉有時被視為破壞行為，但也有人將其當作街頭藝術。
contrast: vandalism vs. street art
Gabriel found the vandalism upsetting because the library window had been smashed.
Gabriel 覺得這起破壞事件很令人難過，因為圖書館的窗戶被砸碎了。
The city spends millions each year repairing damage caused by vandalism.
該城市每年花費數百萬元修復破壞行為造成的損失。
passive structure: damage caused by vandalism
- vandalism of property
- vandalism to cars
- vandalism of buildings
- vandalism at schools
- destruction
stronger in meaning; implies complete ruin, whereas vandalism suggests deliberate but not necessarily total damage
- damage
broader term covering both intentional and accidental harm
- defacement
narrower; refers specifically to damaging a surface or appearance
- preservation
the act of keeping property in good condition, opposite of damaging it
- conservation
protecting and maintaining things of value rather than destroying them
用法筆記
Frequently used as an uncountable noun — do not use 'a' or 'an' before it. Common after prepositional phrases beginning with 'act of' or 'form of'.
常見錯誤
2. actions that harm or ruin something valuable in a non-physical way, such as a re
糟蹋
破壞美好事物價值的行為
actions that harm or ruin something valuable in a non-physical way, such as a reputation, an idea, or a work of art.
Critics called the changes to the historic building an act of vandalism.
評論家稱這棟歷史建築的改建是種糟蹋。
metaphorical extension: ruining something of value
Sofie considered the film director's new version an act of vandalism against the original story.
Sofie 認為那位導演的新版本是對原著的糟蹋。
Spreading false rumours about a colleague is a form of social vandalism.
散布同事的假謠言是一種社會性的糟蹋行為。
social vandalism — metaphor for damaging reputations
Lien thinks that tearing down old buildings is vandalism against the city's memory.
Lien 認為拆除老建築是對城市記憶的糟蹋。
Hugo said that removing the old murals was vandalism against the neighbourhood's culture.
Hugo 說拆除舊壁畫是對社區文化的糟蹋。
- cultural vandalism
- artistic vandalism
- intellectual vandalism
- vandalism against heritage
- desecration
stronger moral/religious connotation; implies violation of something sacred
- sabotage
implies a strategic goal of disrupting operations or systems
- spoiling
less formal and broader in meaning; does not carry the same deliberate malice
- respect
showing care and regard for something rather than damaging it
- appreciation
recognising and valuing something, the opposite of spoiling it
用法筆記
Always uncountable; do not use with an indefinite article. The metaphorical meaning often follows the pattern '___ is (an act of) vandalism' where the subject is a change or action perceived as spoiling something valuable.