vest
/vest/ (bre, ipa) · /vest/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈvest/ (ame, mw)
vest — 名詞
- vestsingular
- vestsplural
1. A close-fitting, sleeveless piece of clothing worn directly against the skin and
保暖內衣
穿在襯衫內貼身的無袖保暖衣
A close-fitting, sleeveless piece of clothing worn directly against the skin and hidden beneath a shirt or blouse, mainly to add warmth in cold weather.
On freezing January mornings, Hao always pulls a wool vest on under his school shirt.
在嚴寒的一月早晨，Hao 總是會在校服襯衫底下穿一件羊毛保暖內衣。
BrE undergarment worn for warmth
Grandma Mira knitted a thick white vest for the baby to wear beneath his pyjamas.
Mira 奶奶為寶寶織了一件厚厚的白色保暖內衣，讓他穿在睡衣底下。
Defne keeps a stack of cotton vests in her drawer and layers them under her jumpers all winter.
Defne 抽屜裡放著一疊棉質保暖內衣，整個冬天都會把它們疊穿在毛衣底下。
The chemist sold thin thermal vests to walkers heading up into the Highlands.
這家藥局賣薄款的保暖內衣給準備上蘇格蘭高地健行的旅客。
- undershirt
American English term for the same garment
- singlet
Australian/New Zealand English; often used for sleeveless tops generally
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 3: this is an undergarment hidden beneath a shirt, while sense 3 (waistcoat) is a buttoned garment worn over a shirt. American English calls this an 'undershirt'; only British English uses 'vest' for it.
常見錯誤
2. A casual sleeveless shirt, typically made of cotton, that people wear on its own
無袖背心
天熱或運動時單穿的棉質無袖上衣
A casual sleeveless shirt, typically made of cotton, that people wear on its own in hot weather or while playing sport.
Tunde wore a loose cotton vest and shorts to the beach on the hottest day of summer.
在夏天最熱的那一天，Tunde 穿著一件寬鬆的棉質無袖背心和短褲去海邊。
summer casualwear with light fabric
The rugby players peeled off their muddy shirts and changed into clean vests at half-time.
橄欖球員們脫下沾滿泥巴的球衣，中場休息時換上乾淨的無袖背心。
Saira packed three white vests and a pair of shorts for her trip to the south of Spain.
Saira 為南西班牙之旅打包了三件白色無袖背心和一條短褲。
During the heatwave, Owen lived in baggy vests around the flat and only put a shirt on for work.
熱浪期間，Owen 在家裡都穿著寬鬆的無袖背心，只有上班才會換上襯衫。
用法筆記
Subject is usually a person doing sport or coping with heat. American English calls this garment a 'tank top'; the British 'vest' here is worn on its own, not under a shirt (contrast with sense 1).
常見錯誤
3. A short, sleeveless formal garment that fastens at the chest with a row of butto
西裝背心
穿在襯衫外有釦的正式無袖上衣
A short, sleeveless formal garment that fastens at the chest with a row of buttons and goes on top of the shirt — typically the middle layer of a three-piece suit.
James wore a grey silk vest over his white shirt at the wedding in Boston.
James 在波士頓的婚禮上，穿著一件灰色絲質西裝背心罩在白襯衫外面。
formal occasion: suit component
All the waiters at the hotel wear black vests with brass buttons over their pressed shirts.
這家飯店所有服務生都會在燙過的襯衫外穿一件配有黃銅釦的黑色西裝背心。
Mathieu fastened the last button of his charcoal vest and checked the mirror before walking down the aisle.
Mathieu 扣好炭灰色西裝背心的最後一顆釦子，在走上紅毯前對著鏡子整理服裝。
The groom chose a navy three-piece suit with a matching vest for the photographs by the lake.
這位新郎選了一套深藍色三件式西裝，搭配同色的西裝背心，在湖邊拍婚紗照。
- waistcoat
British English term for the same garment
用法筆記
In American English this is the primary meaning of 'vest'; British English usually says 'waistcoat'. Worn OVER the shirt and typically as part of a formal outfit — contrast with sense 1 (worn under the shirt for warmth).
常見錯誤
4. A short, sleeveless outer layer put on top of the rest of an outfit for warmth,
防護背心
穿在外層用於保暖、安全或反光的無袖外衣
A short, sleeveless outer layer put on top of the rest of an outfit for warmth, safety, or visibility — for example a life vest, a high-visibility vest, or a padded fleece vest.
Every passenger on the ferry must put on a life vest before the boat leaves the dock.
渡輪離岸前，每位乘客都必須穿上救生防護背心。
life vest = water safety equipment
The road crew wore bright orange safety vests so that drivers could see them in the rain.
道路施工人員穿著亮橘色的反光防護背心，讓駕駛人在雨中也能看見他們。
high-visibility safety vest at worksite
Constanza zipped up her padded fleece vest before stepping out into the cold morning air.
Constanza 拉上鋪棉防護背心的拉鍊，踏入清晨寒冷的空氣中。
Cyclists in Amsterdam often wear reflective vests at night so that drivers can spot them on dark streets.
在阿姆斯特丹，自行車騎士晚上經常會穿反光防護背心，讓駕駛人能在昏暗的街道上看見他們。
- gilet
Padded sleeveless jacket, from French; used in UK outdoor and fashion contexts
- body warmer
British English term for a quilted sleeveless jacket
用法筆記
Object is typically modified by a function word (life / safety / reflective / padded / fleece). Unlike sense 3 (decorative), these vests are practical equipment.
常見錯誤
vest — 動詞
- vestpresent simple I / you / we / they
- vests3rd person singular
- vesting-ing form
- vestedpast simple
1. To formally hand official authority, a legal right, or ownership of something to
授予；賦予
正式賦予某人權力、權利或所有權
To formally hand official authority, a legal right, or ownership of something to someone, usually through a law, a court ruling, or a written agreement.
The Constitution vests the president with the power to sign international treaties.
憲法賦予總統簽署國際條約的權力。
pattern: vest [person] with [authority]
The board voted to vest control of the new project in Stephanie at last week's meeting.
董事會在上週的會議上投票通過，將這項新專案的控制權授予 Stephanie。
pattern: vest [thing] in [person]
By national law, the local council is vested with authority over all public parks and gardens.
依國家法律規定，地方議會被授予管理所有公園和花園的權限。
After the court ruling, the government vested ownership of the riverside land in the indigenous community.
法院判決之後，政府將河岸土地的所有權授予了原住民社區。
- revoke
To officially take back a power or right that was previously granted
文法句型
vest + someone + with + authority/right/power
vest + authority/right/power + in + someone
用法筆記
Frequently passive ('is vested with…'). Subject is typically an institution (government, board, court) or a legal document — not an ordinary person. Distinguish from verb sense 2, where the right or property is itself the subject and the verb is intransitive.
常見錯誤
2. (Of rights, shares, or other benefits) to become permanently owned by a person,
歸屬；歸於
權利或財產依法歸屬於某人
(Of rights, shares, or other benefits) to become permanently owned by a person, often automatically after a fixed period or when a specific condition is met.
After five years of service, Trang's pension benefits will fully vest in her name.
服務滿五年之後，Trang 的退休金權益將完全歸屬於她本人。
pension benefits vest after a time period
Ownership of the family home will vest in the eldest daughter once both parents have died.
等到父母兩人都過世後，這間老家的所有權將歸屬於長女。
property vests in [person] after [event]
Under the publishing agreement, the copyright vests in the author after the tenth year.
根據這份出版合約，第十年之後版權將歸屬於作者本人。
Three thousand shares of company stock will vest in Ravindra after four full years of employment.
Ravindra 在公司任職滿四年之後，三千股公司股票將歸屬於他名下。
- lapse
When a right or benefit expires before it can vest
文法句型
[right/property/benefit] + vest + in + someone
用法筆記
Intransitive — the right, share, or property is the subject, and the new owner follows 'in'. Common in pension, inheritance, stock-option, and copyright contexts. Distinguish from verb sense 1, where an institution actively grants the power.
常見錯誤
3. To put on, or help someone else put on, the special robes worn by clergy during
穿上聖袍
為神職人員穿上儀式用的長袍
To put on, or help someone else put on, the special robes worn by clergy during a Christian religious service — for example before mass or an ordination.
The bishop vested the new priest in white linen robes during the ordination ceremony.
在按立典禮上，主教為新任神父穿上白色亞麻聖袍。
vest [someone] in [robes] — ordination context
Choir members vested themselves quietly in the sacristy before the Christmas Eve service began.
聖誕夜禮拜開始前，詩班成員安靜地在聖衣室裡為自己穿上聖袍。
reflexive: vest oneself
The minister was vested in green and gold robes for the Easter Sunday mass at the cathedral.
在大教堂的復活節主日彌撒上，牧師身著綠色與金色相間的聖袍。
Two altar servers helped the elderly priest vest in his heavy ceremonial robes before the funeral.
葬禮前，兩位輔祭幫忙年邁的神父穿上厚重的儀式聖袍。
- robe
More general; can refer to academic, judicial, or ceremonial dress
- disrobe
To take off ceremonial or formal robes
文法句型
vest + someone + in + robes
vest + oneself
用法筆記
Specialised liturgical use; the related noun 'vestments' is far more common than this verb. Most learners will only meet this sense in religious or historical texts.