bourgeois
bourgeois — 形容詞
- bourgeoispositive
- more bourgeoiscomparative
- most bourgeoissuperlative
1. relating to the social group that sits between the working class and the wealthy
中產的
屬於或典型中產階級的
relating to the social group that sits between the working class and the wealthy upper class, a group often seen as focused on material comfort, traditional customs, and the pursuit of financial security
Saira's bourgeois family stressed the importance of education and hard work.
Saira 在一個重視教育和努力工作的中產家庭長大。
bourgeois + noun describing social group
The novel pokes fun at the bourgeois obsession with keeping up appearances.
這部小說嘲諷中產階級對維持面子的執著。
bourgeois + noun (obsession with appearances)
Many young people reject the bourgeois lifestyle their parents worked hard to build.
許多年輕人拒絕接受父母辛苦打造的中產生活方式。
The neighbourhood was full of comfortable bourgeois homes with well-kept gardens.
這個社區到處是舒適的中產住宅，庭院修剪得整整齊齊。
- bourgeois family
- bourgeois society
- bourgeois values
- bourgeois lifestyle
- bourgeois taste
- middle-class
neutral and more commonly used in everyday speech; bourgeois often carries a critical edge
- conventional
focuses on following social norms rather than class position
- bohemian
describes someone who lives an unconventional artistic life, rejecting middle-class norms
- proletarian
working-class, especially in Marxist terminology
文法句型
bourgeois + noun
用法筆記
Frequently carries a mildly critical tone, especially when describing attitudes or values as overly conventional or materialistic. The neutral sense simply describes the middle class without judgment.
常見錯誤
2. relating to the social class that owns businesses, factories, and property and c
資產階級的
馬克思理論中擁有生產工具的
relating to the social class that owns businesses, factories, and property and controls the economy, as described in Marxist political theory
In Marxist theory the bourgeois class owns the factories and exploits the workers.
在馬克思理論中，資產階級擁有工廠並剝削工人。
bourgeois class in Marxist context
Rafael wrote a paper criticising the bourgeois control of the legal system.
Rafael 寫了一篇論文，批評資產階級對法律體系的控制。
The revolutionary leader called for an end to bourgeois dominance over the economy.
這位革命領袖呼籲終結資產階級對經濟的主導。
political register: revolutionary / bourgeois dominance
Esme's political science class discussed how bourgeois interests shape government policy.
Esme 的政治學課堂討論了資產階級利益如何影響政府政策。
- bourgeois class
- bourgeois society
- bourgeois interests
- bourgeois ideology
- capitalist
more general term not tied to Marxist ideology; commonly used in everyday contexts
- propertied
emphasises ownership of land and assets rather than control of production
- proletarian
the working class in Marxist theory, who sell their labour to the bourgeois
文法句型
bourgeois + noun
用法筆記
Almost exclusively used in the context of Marxist or socialist political analysis. Outside these contexts, 'capitalist' or 'corporate' are more common. The noun form 'bourgeoisie' is more frequent for this sense.
常見錯誤
bourgeois — 名詞
1. someone who is part of the social group between the working class and the rich u
中產人士
屬於中產階級的人
someone who is part of the social group between the working class and the rich upper class, usually with a steady income, their own home, and a professional or office-based job
The town was mostly made up of comfortable bourgeois who worked in local shops.
這個小鎮的居民大多是生活安穩的中產人士，在本地商店和辦公室工作。
plural: the bourgeois
Greta's parents are typical bourgeois who saved carefully and bought a house in the suburbs.
Greta 的父母是典型的中產人士，他們省吃儉用在郊區買了房子。
The new tax plan mostly helps the bourgeois while offering little to the working poor.
這項新稅制主要有利於中產人士，對勞動貧困階層幫助不大。
Wei described himself as a simple bourgeois who just wanted a quiet life.
Wei 說自己只是個普通的中產人士，只想要平靜的生活。
a + bourgeois (singular countable)
- the bourgeois
- a bourgeois
- property-owning bourgeois
- middle-class person
neutral term without the critical tone that bourgeois sometimes carries
文法句型
the bourgeois
a bourgeois
用法筆記
Also used collectively with 'the' to refer to the middle class as a whole ('the bourgeois'). The plural form is identical to the singular ('two bourgeois').
2. a person whose main concerns are money, social position, and following tradition
庸俗市儈
只在乎金錢與地位的人
a person whose main concerns are money, social position, and following traditional social rules, used as a criticism of someone seen as narrow-minded or materialistic
Jabari called his uncle a bourgeois for always showing off his expensive new car and designer clothes.
Jabari 說他叔叔是個庸俗市儈，總是炫耀新車和名牌衣服。
disapproving use: call someone a bourgeois
The play makes fun of the narrow-minded bourgeois who judge everyone by their income.
這齣劇嘲諷那些以收入來評判每個人的狹隘市儈。
When Kofi's roommate bought a third expensive watch, Kofi called him a complete bourgeois.
Kofi 的室友買了第三支昂貴手錶時，Kofi 說他是個徹頭徹尾的市儈。
The artist refused to sell her paintings to what she called the boring bourgeois.
這位藝術家拒絕把她畫作賣給她所謂的無聊市儈。
plural with disapproving tone
- boring bourgeois
- narrow-minded bourgeois
- call someone a bourgeois
- philistine
stronger insult suggesting hostility to art and culture, not just materialism
- snob
focuses on looking down on others based on class rather than on conventional values
- bohemian
someone who lives an unconventional artistic lifestyle
文法句型
a bourgeois
the bourgeois
用法筆記
Strongly disapproving. Used as an insult to accuse someone of being too focused on money, status, and social conformity. Distinguish from sense 1 (neutral middle-class person) and sense 3 (Marxist capitalist).
常見錯誤
3. a person who owns businesses, factories, or large amounts of property and suppor
資本家
擁有生產工具牟利的人
a person who owns businesses, factories, or large amounts of property and supports an economic system based on private profit, especially as described in Marxist political theory
The speaker argued that the bourgeois exploit factory workers by paying them very low wages.
演講者認為資本家支付極低的工資來剝削工廠工人。
the bourgeois (collective, Marxist context)
Rafael's essay claimed that the bourgeois oppose any law that reduces their profits.
Rafael 的文章指出資本家反對任何會減少他們利潤的法律。
The revolution aimed to strip the bourgeois of their control over land and resources.
這場革命旨在剝奪資本家對土地和資源的控制權。
Esme read that nineteenth-century bourgeois treated factory workers as disposable labour.
Esme 讀到十九世紀的資本家把工廠工人當作可拋棄的勞動力。
historical context: nineteenth-century bourgeois
- the bourgeois
- exploit the bourgeois
- bourgeois interests
- capitalist
broader term not limited to Marxist analysis; more common in everyday English
- property owner
focuses on the ownership aspect without political ideology
- proletarian
a worker who sells their labour and does not own the means of production
文法句型
the bourgeois
a bourgeois
用法筆記
Primarily used in Marxist and socialist political analysis. The collective noun 'bourgeoisie' is more common for this sense, while 'bourgeois' as a singular countable noun is rarer. 'Capitalist' is the more neutral everyday alternative.
同根字
- bourgeoisie名詞C1
- bourgeoisify動詞C2
- bourgeoisification名詞C2
- petit bourgeois名詞C2
常見搭配
常用片語
- the bourgeois
- a bourgeois