bristle
bristle — 名詞
- bristlesingular
- bristlesplural
1. A short, thick, stiff hair that grows on the body of certain animals, such as pi
鬃毛
動物身上的短硬毛
A short, thick, stiff hair that grows on the body of certain animals, such as pigs, wild boars, or dogs, and feels rough when you touch it.
Adina noticed a long bristle on the sofa after their dog shook itself dry.
Adina 注意到狗把自己甩乾後，沙發上留了一根長鬃毛。
William touched the wild boar's back and felt each bristle stand up under his palm.
William 摸了野豬的背，感覺到每一根鬃毛在他手掌下豎了起來。
collocation: bristle stand up (of hair/fur)
Ezra found a short, dark bristle stuck to the old wool blanket on the porch.
Ezra 在門廊的舊羊毛毯上找到一根又短又黑的鬃毛。
The pig's bristle was thick and wiry, nothing like the soft fur of a rabbit.
那頭豬的鬃毛又粗又硬，跟兔子的軟毛完全不一樣。
- hair
general term for any filament that grows on skin; bristle is thicker and stiffer than ordinary hair
- bristle hair
technical term for a stiff hair on an animal, used in biology
- whisker
a long, sensitive bristle near the mouth of some animals; refers to a specific type, not all body bristles
- down
soft, fine hair or feathers — the opposite texture from a bristle
用法筆記
The singular 'bristle' refers to one individual hair. The plural 'bristles' is far more common when describing an animal's coat.
常見錯誤
2. Each of the firm, rigid strands — made from animal hair, plastic, or metal wire
刷毛
刷子上的硬毛或塑膠絲
Each of the firm, rigid strands — made from animal hair, plastic, or metal wire — that are fixed onto a brush so it can be used for cleaning, painting, or grooming.
Bao rinsed the paintbrush until all the blue colour left the bristles.
Bao 把畫筆沖洗到刷毛上不再有藍色顏料為止。
Tanvi threw away her toothbrush because the bristles were bent and worn out.
Tanvi 把牙刷丟掉了，因為刷毛已經彎曲磨損。
collocation: bristles bent / worn out (toothbrush)
Yumi cleaned the hairbrush by pulling loose strands of hair from between the bristles.
Yumi 把卡在髮梳刷毛之間的落髮一根一根拿出來清理。
Ignacio prefers a shaving brush with soft natural bristles instead of plastic ones.
Ignacio 比較喜歡用柔軟天然刷毛的刮鬍刷，而不是塑膠刷毛的。
bristle — 動詞
- bristlepresent simple I / you / we / they
- bristles3rd person singular
- bristling-ing form
- bristledpast simple
1. When hair or fur rises and stands up stiffly because the person or animal is fri
豎起
毛髮因恐懼或寒冷而豎起
When hair or fur rises and stands up stiffly because the person or animal is frightened, cold, or very excited — for example, a cat's fur bristling when it sees a dog.
Defne felt the hairs on her arms bristle when the cold wind blew through the window.
Defne 感覺到手臂上的汗毛在冷風從窗戶吹進來時豎了起來。
pattern: hairs on [body part] + bristle + cause (wind / cold / fear)
When Kemi heard a loud crash, the hair on the back of her neck bristled with fear.
Kemi 聽到一聲巨響時，脖子後方的汗毛因恐懼而豎起。
The cat's fur bristled as Andrés reached toward it, so he pulled his hand back slowly.
那隻貓的毛在 Andrés 伸手靠近時豎了起來，於是他慢慢地縮回手。
Tariro's hair bristled under his wool hat because the rough fabric irritated his skin.
Tariro 的頭髮在羊毛帽下豎了起來，因為粗糙的布料刺激到他的皮膚。
- stand on end
less formal; used mostly for human hair in fear or shock
- puff up
used for birds or animals fluffing feathers or fur; less specific to stiffness
- ruffle up
implies movement, not just standing stiff; a bristled coat is already standing, not being moved
- lie flat
the normal resting state of hair or fur
文法句型
bristle + with [cause]
bristle + at [stimulus]
用法筆記
The subject is usually hair, fur, or a person's own body hair. The cause (fear, cold, excitement) is often introduced by 'with', 'at', or 'because of'. This sense is frequently used with animals (cats, dogs, wild boars).
常見錯誤
2. To become suddenly angry or upset when someone criticises you, insults you, or m
發怒
對批評或冒犯表現怒氣
To become suddenly angry or upset when someone criticises you, insults you, or makes a suggestion that seems unfair — the frustration often shows immediately in your face or posture.
The manager bristled when a junior staff member questioned his decision at the meeting.
經理聽到一名資淺員工在會議上質疑他的決定時，頓時發怒。
pattern: [person] bristled when [someone] + questioned / criticised
Dad still bristles every time someone mentions the dent he made in the garage door.
爸爸每次有人提到他在車庫門上撞出的凹痕，還是會發怒。
The journalist bristled at the suggestion that her story was based on unverified rumours.
那位記者被暗示她的報導是根據未經證實的謠言時，憤怒地反擊。
Mira bristled with anger when she heard her colleague take credit for her work.
Mira 聽到同事搶走她工作的功勞時，氣得怒火中燒。
- bridle
very similar meaning but less common and more literary; suggests a visible stiffening of posture
- take offence
more neutral; focuses on the feeling rather than the visible reaction
- seethe
implies silent, suppressed anger; bristle often includes a visible or audible reaction
- accept
to receive criticism or a suggestion calmly and willingly
文法句型
bristle + at [stimulus]
bristle + with [emotion]
bristle + when [clause]
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1 (HAIR STAND UP): here the subject is a person or a group, not hair. The anger is triggered by a specific remark, question, or action introduced by 'at'. Common in formal and written English to describe defensive reactions.
常見錯誤
3. To be covered or filled with a large number of things, especially thin, pointed,
充滿；密布
充滿或布滿尖銳物
To be covered or filled with a large number of things, especially thin, pointed, or dangerous items that make the surface look rough and spiky.
The old fence bristled with rusty nails that stuck out from every wooden board.
那座舊圍欄上布滿了從每塊木板突出來的生鏽釘子。
pattern: [object] bristles with [sharp / spiky items]
During winter the forest floor bristles with dry twigs and broken branches.
冬天時，森林的地面布滿了乾枯的樹枝和折斷的枝條。
The hedgehog's back bristled with sharp needles that kept larger animals away from it.
刺蝟的背上布滿了尖刺，讓體型較大的動物不敢靠近。
A row of military vehicles bristled with antennas and communication equipment.
一排軍用車輛上裝滿了天線和通訊設備。
- be thick with
less visual; describes density without implying spikiness
- be studded with
suggests raised items arranged decoratively, not necessarily sharp or dangerous
- bristling with
the same verb in participle form used as an adjective; more dynamic feeling
- be bare of
having nothing on the surface
文法句型
bristle with + [noun phrase]
用法筆記
Almost always used in the pattern '[subject] bristles with [objects]'. The subject is typically an inanimate thing or a surface, not a person. Unlike sense 1, this sense describes a state (being covered) rather than a movement of hair standing up.