down
/daʊn/ (bre, ipa) · [dˈaʊn] /daʊn/ (ame, ipa) · [dˈaʊn] /ˈdau̇n/ (ame, mw) · /daʊn-/ (bre, ipa) · [dˈaʊn] /daʊn-/ (ame, ipa)
down — 動詞
- downpresent simple I / you / we / they
- downs3rd person singular
- downing-ing form
- downedpast simple
1. to use force — such as hitting, shooting, or strong wind — to bring someone or s
擊倒;擊落
使倒下或墜落
to use force — such as hitting, shooting, or strong wind — to bring someone or something from an upright position onto the ground.
A powerful storm downed the old oak tree in Tuan's back garden.
一場猛烈的暴風雨擊倒了 Tuan 後院裡的老橡樹。
weather subject + down + object (tree)
The fighter jet was downed by a missile during the training exercise.
那架戰鬥機在訓練演習中被飛彈擊落了。
passive: be downed by [thing]
The police officer downed the attacker with a single shot to the leg.
那名警察開了一槍擊中襲擊者的腿部,將他擊倒。
Heavy snow downed telephone wires across the village last night.
昨夜的大雪壓垮了村莊附近的電話線。
The boxer downed his opponent in the third round with a right hook.
那位拳擊手在第三回合以一記右鉤拳擊倒了對手。
- knock down
more common in everyday speech; often used for people in accidents or fights
- bring down
slightly more formal; common for aircraft or animals
- fell
specific to cutting down trees with a tool; more technical
文法句型
down + noun phrase
用法筆記
Often used in news reports about storms, military action, or sports. The passive form (be downed by) is very common when the cause is emphasised.
常見錯誤
2. to consume all of a meal, drink, or serving of medicine in a single quick action
吃光;喝乾
快速吃完或喝完
to consume all of a meal, drink, or serving of medicine in a single quick action, often due to hunger, thirst, or haste.
Selim downed his glass of water and asked for a refill.
Selim 一口氣喝完杯中的水,然後要求再來一杯。
down + drink (object = glass of water)
The children downed their breakfast and ran to catch the bus.
孩子們迅速吃完早餐,然後跑著去趕公車。
down + meal (object = breakfast)
Wren downed the bitter medicine in one gulp and made a face.
Wren 一口吞下那瓶苦藥,然後皺起了臉。
After the long hike, Sana downed her sandwich in under a minute.
長途健行結束後,Sana 不到一分鐘就把三明治吃光了。
The runners downed bottles of water at the finish line.
跑者在終點線上一口氣喝光了整瓶水。
文法句型
down + noun phrase (food/drink)
用法筆記
Informal — used in casual conversation, not in formal writing. The object is always the thing consumed, not the person eating. Frequently used for drinks (down a beer, down a shot).
常見錯誤
3. to beat an opponent in a sports match, game, or competition.
擊敗
在比賽中擊敗對手
to beat an opponent in a sports match, game, or competition.
The underdog team downed the champions 3–1 in the final match.
那支不被看好的隊伍在決賽中以 3 比 1 擊敗了衛冕冠軍。
down + opponent + score
Olivia downed her chess opponent with a clever trap on move fifteen.
Olivia 在第 15 步設下巧妙的陷阱,擊敗了她的西洋棋對手。
down + opponent in strategy game
The home team downed their biggest rivals in front of a record crowd.
主隊在創紀錄的觀眾面前擊敗了他們最大的勁敵。
Renata downed the top seed to win her first professional title.
Renata 擊敗了頭號種子選手,贏得她第一個職業冠軍頭銜。
文法句型
down + noun phrase (team/opponent)
用法筆記
Used in sports journalism and commentary. Sounds more dramatic and concise than 'defeat' or 'beat'. Common collocations include team names, 'the champions', 'top seed', or 'rivals'.
常見錯誤
down — 名詞
- downsingular
- downsplural
1. the soft fine feathers that grow under the outer feathers of birds, used as fill
羽絨
鳥類身上細軟的絨毛
the soft fine feathers that grow under the outer feathers of birds, used as filling for pillows, quilts, and warm winter coats
Tariq bought a pillow filled with down because he wanted a softer place to sleep.
Tariq 買了一個羽絨枕頭,因為他想要睡得更柔軟。
uncountable noun: pillow filled with down
This winter coat contains down and keeps the wearer warm without adding much weight.
這件冬季外套含有羽絨,穿起來保暖又不會太重。
The hotel pillows are all made of down and feel extremely soft against the skin.
旅館的枕頭全都是羽絨做的,摸起來非常柔軟。
Daichi prefers a synthetic filling over down because his allergy to feathers causes sneezing.
Daichi 偏好合成纖維填充物勝過羽絨,因為他對羽毛過敏會打噴嚏。
用法筆記
Uncountable — you cannot say 'a down' when referring to feathers. Use 'down' on its own or 'a piece of down' for a single feather.
常見錯誤
2. the layer of extremely fine and delicate hairs found on human skin or on the out
絨毛
皮膚或植物上的細軟短毛
the layer of extremely fine and delicate hairs found on human skin or on the outer surface of some plants and fruits
The baby's cheeks were covered in a soft down that felt silky to the touch.
寶寶的臉頰上長了一層柔軟的絨毛,摸起來像絲一樣細滑。
singular: a soft down
Ritu noticed the fine down on the peach and wiped it off before eating.
Ritu 注意到水蜜桃上細細的絨毛,吃之前把它擦掉了。
As people grow older, the fine down on their arms often becomes less visible.
人長大之後,手臂上的細絨毛常常變得比較不明顯。
The leaves of the plant have a silver down underneath that helps keep them dry.
這種植物的葉子背面有一層銀色的絨毛,可以幫助葉子保持乾燥。
- fuzz
more informal and everyday, especially for hair on fruit or fabric
- vellus hair
technical term for fine body hair in medical contexts
用法筆記
Can be used as a singular noun with 'a' ('a soft down') when referring to a visible layer of fine hair on a surface. More common in descriptive or scientific contexts than in everyday conversation.
常見錯誤
3. one of the four chances a team has to move the ball forward by at least ten yard
檔;進攻機會
美式足球的四次進攻機會之一
one of the four chances a team has to move the ball forward by at least ten yards in American football, with each attempt being a single play
With only one down left, the team needed to gain at least three more yards.
只剩下最後一檔進攻機會,球隊還需要再推進至少三碼。
countable: one down / three downs
The quarterback threw a long pass on the first down to surprise the defence.
四分衛在第一次進攻就傳出長傳,讓防守方措手不及。
Christopher watched the defence stop the runner on the third down near the goal line.
Christopher 看到防守組在第三次進攻時於達陣線附近攔住了跑鋒。
On the final down, the kicker attempted a field goal to tie the score.
在最後一次進攻中,踢球員嘗試射門,希望追平比分。
Imani taught her cousin the rules of downs; he had never watched the sport before.
Imani 教她的表妹進攻次數的規則,表妹之前沒看過這項運動。
- play
a single action in football; 'down' specifically refers to one of the four attempts within a series
用法筆記
Always used with ordinal numbers: 'first down,' 'second down,' 'third down,' 'fourth down.' The team must advance the ball ten yards within four downs to keep possession.
常見錯誤
4. an unfair or unreasonable feeling of dislike directed toward a particular person
厭惡;敵意
對某人持續不滿且不公平的感覺
an unfair or unreasonable feeling of dislike directed toward a particular person, often used in the phrase 'have a down on'
Theo seems to have a down on his new colleague for reasons nobody can explain.
Theo 似乎對他的新同事抱持敵意,沒有人知道為什麼。
idiomatic phrase: have a down on + person
Faisal could not understand why his teacher had a down on him after one week.
Faisal 不明白為什麼老師才過一個星期就對他有意見。
Her manager has a down on anyone who arrives five minutes late for a shift.
她的主管對任何上班遲到超過五分鐘的人都懷有偏見。
The critic had a down on the director, so each film got a harsh review.
那位影評人對導演有偏見,對他每一部電影都給出嚴厲的評論。
- favour
unfair positive treatment, the opposite of a down
文法句型
have a down on + person
用法筆記
Almost always appears in the fixed phrase 'have a down on [someone].' Not used on its own ('I feel down on him' would not be correct in this sense). This is primarily British English; American speakers would use 'have it in for [someone]' instead.
常見錯誤
down — 形容詞
- downpositive
- downercomparative
- downestsuperlative
1. feeling sad and without the energy or interest to do things
沮喪;低落
感到悲傷且缺乏動力的
feeling sad and without the energy or interest to do things
Gabriel has been feeling really down since his dog passed away last month.
Gabriel 自從上個月他的狗過世之後,一直感到非常沮喪。
collocation: feel down + reason clause with since
Sari looked down after hearing that she had not got the scholarship.
Sari 得知自己沒有拿到獎學金後,看起來很失落。
collocation: look down + about result
The long grey winter makes many people feel down and low on energy.
漫長的灰色冬天讓許多人感到心情低落且缺乏精力。
Hugo was down about failing his driving test for the second time.
Hugo 因為第二次沒通過駕照考試而感到沮喪。
Whenever Élise feels down, she goes for a long walk by the river.
每當 Élise 心情低落時,她就會沿著河邊走一段很長的路。
文法句型
be/feel/look/sound + down
feel down + about/over + noun phrase
用法筆記
Always used after linking verbs such as be, feel, look, or seem. Cannot come before a noun: you cannot say 'a down person' to mean an unhappy person.
常見錯誤
2. used to say that a computer system, website, or piece of equipment is not workin
當機;故障
電腦系統或設備暫時無法運作的
used to say that a computer system, website, or piece of equipment is not working, usually for a short period of time
The hospital's entire computer network went down for nearly four hours.
醫院的整個電腦網路當機將近四個小時。
pattern: go down + for + duration
The online payment system was down all morning, so customers could not order anything.
線上付款系統整個早上都故障,所以顧客無法訂購任何商品。
passive use with duration: be down + all morning
Sahil could not access his email because the mail server was down.
Sahil 無法查看他的電子郵件,因為郵件伺服器當機了。
The airline's booking website is down for maintenance until nine o'clock tonight.
航空公司的訂票網站從現在到今晚九點關閉進行維護。
During the storm, several radio towers were down, cutting off communication in the area.
暴風雨期間,好幾座廣播電塔都故障了,切斷了當地的通訊。
- offline
more technical — specifically means not connected to a network
- out of service
more formal — often used for public equipment like elevators or ATMs
- unavailable
broader meaning — can refer to people as well as machines
- up
the standard opposite in computing — 'the system is up again'
- operational
formal opposite — 'the network is operational'
文法句型
be + down
go + down
be down + for + duration
用法筆記
Commonly used in technical and workplace settings. The subject is usually a computer system, server, network, website, or telecommunications service. Frequently paired with 'go' to describe the moment of failure ('the system went down') or 'be' to describe the state of being unavailable ('the system was down').
常見錯誤
3. in American football, describing a ball carrier whom an opponent has tackled so
倒地
美式足球中持球員被阻擋倒地的
in American football, describing a ball carrier whom an opponent has tackled so that he or she cannot advance, which ends the current play
The quarterback was down on the thirty-yard line after a hard tackle.
四分衛在三十碼線被狠狠擒抱後倒地。
The referee blew the whistle as soon as the receiver went down with the ball.
接球員一持球倒地,裁判馬上吹哨。
pattern: go down — moment of being tackled
The back was down inches from the goal line, so his team did not score.
跑鋒在距離得分線僅幾英吋的地方倒地,所以他的球隊沒有得分。
When a player is down, the officials stop the clock and restart from that spot.
當球員倒地時,裁判會暫停計時,下一波攻勢從該位置開始。
文法句型
be + down
go + down
用法筆記
This sense is specific to American football. In rugby or other field sports, different terms such as 'tackled' or 'grounded' are used. It only appears after linking verbs and cannot be used before a noun.
4. at a lower level, amount, price, or strength than before
下降;減少
數量、價格或數值比之前低的
at a lower level, amount, price, or strength than before
House prices in the area are down by nearly fifteen percent since last year.
該地區的房價自去年以來下跌了近百分之十五。
pattern: down + by + percentage change
The temperature is down to minus five degrees tonight, so wrap up warm.
今晚氣溫會降到零下五度,要多穿點保暖。
pattern: down + to + value
Sari received a raise even though company profits were down this quarter.
Sari 在公司本季獲利下滑的情況下仍然獲得了加薪。
Student numbers at the school are down from four hundred to three hundred and fifty.
該校的學生人數從四百人減少到三百五十人。
After the prize cut, the race winner's share was down to just ten thousand dollars.
獎金縮水後,比賽冠軍的份額只剩下一萬美元。
文法句型
be + down
be down + by + amount
be down + from + previous value
用法筆記
Commonly used with numbers, prices, percentages, temperatures, and statistics. The amount of decrease can be introduced with 'by' ('down by 10%'), and the resulting value with 'to' ('down to $50'). The contrast with a previous point can be introduced with 'from' ('down from $100 to $50'). Cannot be used attributively before a noun.
常見錯誤
down — 副詞
1. closer to the ground; at or moving towards a spot that is below where something
向下;往下
朝較低位置或地面移動
closer to the ground; at or moving towards a spot that is below where something was before
Mira bent down to pick up the coins she had dropped.
Mira 彎下腰撿起掉落在地上的硬幣。
verb + down for downward movement
The kite glided down slowly and landed in the garden.
風箏緩緩地向下滑翔,最後落在花園裡。
Elena looked down from the window at the busy street below.
Elena 從窗戶往下看,底下的街道車水馬龍。
A single leaf floated down and rested on the wooden bench.
一片葉子飄落下來,停在木長椅上。
In the morning the sun came down through the bedroom curtains.
早晨的陽光穿過臥室窗簾照射進來。
- downward
more formal; used especially in writing for direction ('a downward slope')
- towards the ground
more literal; emphasises the endpoint rather than the motion
- up
the opposite direction, towards a higher position
文法句型
verb + down
verb + down + prepositional phrase
用法筆記
Commonly used with verbs of motion such as come, go, fall, climb, bend, look, float, and glide. Often followed by a prepositional phrase beginning with from, to, or through.
常見錯誤
2. from a standing or higher position into a sitting, lying, or resting position on
坐下;躺下
從站立變為坐臥或雨雪落下
from a standing or higher position into a sitting, lying, or resting position on a surface; or from the sky onto the ground, referring to rain or snow
Roya sat down on the sofa after a long day at school.
Roya 在沙發上坐了下來,結束了漫長的一天。
verb + down + on [surface]
The puppy lay down on the rug and fell fast asleep.
小狗在地毯上躺下,很快就睡著了。
Élise knelt down to tie her little brother's shoelaces.
Élise 跪下來幫弟弟繫鞋帶。
Snow came down heavily and covered the streets by morning.
大雪紛紛落下,到早上街頭已是一片銀白。
Gabriel told his dog to sit down before giving it a treat.
Gabriel 叫他的狗坐下,然後才給牠零食。
- onto a surface
literal description rather than a single adverb
- to a resting position
describes the result rather than the motion
- up
from sitting/lying to standing
文法句型
verb + down
verb + down + on/onto [surface]
用法筆記
This sense covers both changing body position (sit, lie, kneel, squat) and precipitation falling (rain, snow). For body positions, the preposition on or onto usually follows. For commands to animals, sit down or lie down are standard.
常見錯誤
3. firmly placed, attached, or secured into position so that nothing moves or comes
固定地
牢固地固定或安置在原位
firmly placed, attached, or secured into position so that nothing moves or comes loose
Linh hammered the tent pegs down into the hard ground.
Linh 把帳篷的營釘釘進堅硬的地面。
verb + object + down + into [something]
Make sure the carpet is glued down at the edges.
記得把地毯邊緣用膠水黏好。
passive: be + past participle + down
Folake pressed down firmly on the lid until it clicked.
Folake 用力壓下蓋子,直到它發出喀噠聲。
The wooden crate was strapped down so it would not move.
木箱被牢牢綁好,這樣才不會移動。
All the picture frames were nailed down before the storm arrived.
暴風雨來臨前,所有的畫框都被釘牢了。
- loose
not firmly attached or secured
文法句型
verb + object + down
be + past participle + down
用法筆記
Often used in the passive voice with past participles such as glued, strapped, nailed, screwed, tied, or pinned. The object is usually something that could move or come loose otherwise.
4. so that an amount, level, speed, or degree becomes smaller or less strong — for
減少;降低
數量、程度或水平變低
so that an amount, level, speed, or degree becomes smaller or less strong — for instance, making a sound quieter or reducing the heat
Christopher turned the volume down so the baby could sleep.
Christopher 把音量調低,好讓寶寶能夠入睡。
turn [object] down for reducing a level
The price of rice has gone down in the local market.
當地市場的米價已經下跌了。
go down for prices/amounts decreasing
Tara turned down the heat after the soup began to boil.
湯開始滾了之後,Tara 就把火關小。
Rin managed to bring her weight down by eating well.
Rin 靠健康飲食成功減輕了體重。
The wind slowed down as the storm moved out to sea.
暴風雨移向海面後,風勢漸漸減弱。
- up
to a higher amount, degree, or level
文法句型
verb + down
verb + object + down
用法筆記
Very productive in phrasal combinations with verbs of reduction, including turn down (sound/heat), go down (prices/levels), come down (prices/amounts), bring down (costs/levels), slow down (speed), cool down (temperature), and calm down (emotions). The opposite pattern uses up: turn up, go up, etc.
常見錯誤
5. so that a structure or object is broken, destroyed, or no longer standing becaus
倒下;摧毀
因外力破壞而倒塌或落地
so that a structure or object is broken, destroyed, or no longer standing because of force or effort by someone
The old barn was burned down in the fire last summer.
那間老舊的穀倉在去年夏天的火災中被燒毀了。
passive: be burned down for destruction by fire
Workers knocked down the wall to make the kitchen bigger.
工人們拆掉那面牆,讓廚房變得更寬敞。
Rin cut down the dead tree before it could hit the house.
Rin 砍倒了那棵枯樹,免得它砸到房子。
The storm blew down power lines across the county road.
暴風吹倒了縣道上的電線桿。
Anya tore down all the old posters from her bedroom wall.
Anya 把房間牆上所有的舊海報都撕了下來。
- to the ground
more literal; emphasises the final position
- apart
suggests breaking into pieces rather than falling ('break apart')
- up
in 'put up' or 'build up', the opposite of destroying or removing
文法句型
verb + object + down
verb + down + object
用法筆記
Used in phrasal combinations that describe destroying or removing something built or standing. The object is typically a structure (building, wall, tree) or something attached (posters, fences). Distinguish from the LOWER POSITION sense: in this sense the object is destroyed or removed, not simply moved downward.
常見錯誤
6. onto paper or into a written or digital record, so that information is saved for
寫下;記下
以書面或電子方式記錄
onto paper or into a written or digital record, so that information is saved for later use
Christopher wrote down the meeting date in his notebook.
Christopher 在筆記本上記下了會議日期。
write down for recording information
Did you put your phone number down on the form?
你在表格上填寫電話號碼了嗎?
put down for completing a written field
The teacher wrote down the homework on the whiteboard.
老師把作業寫在白板上。
Rania scribbled down the directions while Rin read them out.
Rin 大聲唸出路線時,Rania 快速抄了下來。
Please note down the address before you leave for the trip.
出發前請先把地址記下來。
- on paper
emphasises the physical medium
- in writing
emphasises the result rather than the act
文法句型
verb + object + down
verb + down + object
用法筆記
Common in phrasal combinations: write down, put down, note down, take down, copy down, and jot down. These all mean recording information on paper or in a digital document. The object can go between the verb and down ('write the number down') or after down ('write down the number').
常見錯誤
7. at or moving to a location that is far away from where the speaker currently is,
往遠處
遠離中心城市或中心位置
at or moving to a location that is far away from where the speaker currently is, or far from a big city or main area
The nearest supermarket is down in the village, about three kilometres from here.
最近的超市在往遠處的村子裡,離這裡大約三公里。
down in + place name for distant location
Christopher went down to London for a job interview last week.
Christopher 上週到倫敦去參加工作面試。
down to + city for movement towards centre
Élise lives down in the countryside, far from the noise of the city.
Élise 住在偏遠的鄉下,遠離城市的噪音。
Aoi moved down from the city to a small town to start a quieter life.
Aoi 從城市搬到小鎮,開始了比較安靜的生活。
Dewi went down to the market to buy fresh vegetables for dinner.
Dewi 到市場去買晚餐要用的新鮮蔬菜。
- up
indicates movement toward a central or important place, such as a big city
文法句型
down + in/at/to [place]
用法筆記
Often appears in the pattern 'down in/at/to [place]' where the place is understood as being at a distance or less central than the speaker's current location.
常見錯誤
8. in or towards a southern part of a country, region, or the world
向南
朝南方或位於南方的
in or towards a southern part of a country, region, or the world
The Watanabe family moved down south for warmer weather and lower heating bills.
渡邊一家搬到南方去,為了享受更溫暖的天氣和更低的暖氣費。
down south for movement to a southern region
Every autumn the birds fly down to Africa for the winter months.
每年秋天,鳥兒都會向南飛到非洲過冬。
down to + southern location
Shanti's new job is down in Brighton, so she needs a flat near the beach.
Shanti 的新工作在南方沿海的布萊頓,所以她需要在海邊附近找一間公寓。
Camila travelled down from Scotland to visit her grandparents in Devon.
Camila 從蘇格蘭南下到德文郡探望她的祖父母。
The train goes down to the south coast, stopping at several seaside towns.
這班火車開往南方海岸,沿途停靠好幾個海邊小鎮。
- southwards
more formal and directional; 'down' is more conversational
- northwards
opposite direction; not typically expressed with 'up' in all contexts
文法句型
down + south
down + in/to [southern place]
用法筆記
Commonly paired with 'south' to form the fixed phrase 'down south'. In British English, 'down' often means travelling away from London toward the south coast.
9. given or transferred by someone older or from an earlier period to someone young
傳承
由長輩傳給晚輩或從過去傳下來
given or transferred by someone older or from an earlier period to someone younger or a later period — for example, when a skill, tradition, or object moves through generations
The silver bracelet has been passed down through four generations of women.
這只銀手鐲已經傳了四代女性。
pass down + prepositional phrase for generational transfer
Zuri's father handed down his collection of jazz records to her when she turned sixteen.
Zuri 的父親在他十六歲時把自己收藏的爵士唱片傳給了她。
These cooking traditions have been handed down from grandmother to granddaughter for centuries.
這些烹飪傳統由祖母傳給孫女,已經延續了好幾個世紀。
The old folk songs were passed down by word of mouth before being written down.
這些古老的民謠在被寫下來之前,早已靠口耳相傳流傳下來。
Padma treasures the wedding ring that was handed down to her by her great-aunt.
Padma 十分珍惜姑婆傳給她的結婚戒指。
文法句型
pass/hand/send something down
用法筆記
Nearly always appears with the verbs 'pass', 'hand', or 'send'. The object being transferred is typically a skill, tradition, story, or valued item.
常見錯誤
10. into the stomach — used after verbs such as 'swallow', 'get', 'keep', or 'wash'
下肚
食物或液體進入胃裡的
into the stomach — used after verbs such as 'swallow', 'get', 'keep', or 'wash' to describe food, drink, or medicine going into your body
Leo tried to swallow the bitter medicine down without making a face.
Leo 試著把苦藥吞下去,沒有露出任何表情。
swallow + object + down
Sivan was so nervous before the exam that she could not keep any breakfast down.
Sivan 考試前太緊張了,早餐完全吃不下去。
keep + object + down (negative)
Kian drank the whole glass of cold water down in a single gulp.
Kian 一口氣把整杯冷水喝了下去。
The kitten swallowed a piece of string down and had to go to the vet.
小貓吞了一截線下去,只好送去獸醫那裡。
Alessia felt the warm soup go down and her cold symptoms began to ease.
Alessia 覺得熱湯喝下去,感冒症狀就開始緩解了。
- up
as in 'bring up' meaning to vomit
文法句型
swallow/drink/get/keep something down
用法筆記
Frequently appears in negative contexts with 'keep' — 'cannot keep something down' means unable to stop vomiting. With 'swallow' or 'drink', it adds emphasis to the act of consuming.
常見錯誤
11. as an initial portion of the total price, paid when you buy something — used whe
預付
購買時先支付一部分款項
as an initial portion of the total price, paid when you buy something — used when you pay part of the cost of an expensive item and promise to pay the rest later
They put ten thousand pounds down on a house, paying the rest over twenty-five years.
他們付了一萬英鎊的頭期款買房子,其餘分二十五年付清。
put + amount + down + on + [item]
Kian paid two thousand down on a used car with monthly payments for the balance.
Kian 付了兩千元頭期款買了一輛二手車,餘額以每月分期付款支付。
Most buyers put at least ten per cent down when buying a flat in this city.
大多數買方在這個城市買公寓時,通常至少先付百分之十的頭期款。
Padma paid a small amount down on the sofa to reserve it until next weekend.
Padma 付了一小筆訂金預訂那張沙發,保留到下個週末。
Alessia put five hundred euros down on the wedding venue to secure the booking.
Alessia 付了五百歐元訂金預訂婚禮場地,確保當天可以使用。
- deposit
noun form; 'put down a deposit' is equivalent to 'put money down'
文法句型
pay/put + amount + down
pay/put + amount + down + on + [item]
用法筆記
The amount paid 'down' is called a 'down payment' (US) or 'deposit' (UK). This sense is most common in the patterns 'put [money] down on [item]' and 'pay [money] down on [item]'.
常見錯誤
down — 字首
1. used before nouns, verbs, and adjectives to give the idea of something being in
降低;變差
前綴,表示位置更低、程度更小或情況更糟
used before nouns, verbs, and adjectives to give the idea of something being in a lower position, having less importance, power, or value, or becoming worse than before
After the scandal, the CEO's downfall was sudden and complete.
醜聞過後,這位執行長的垮臺既突然又徹底。
prefix: downfall = fall from power
The factory had to downsize because fewer people were buying its products.
那間工廠不得不縮減規模,因為買它們產品的人變少了。
prefix: downsize = reduce in size
The airline downgraded Jin's seat from business class to economy.
航空公司把 Jin 的機位從商務艙降級到經濟艙。
Christopher tried to downplay his injury so his mother would not worry.
Christopher 試圖輕描淡寫自己的傷勢,以免他母親擔心。
The downpour lasted three hours and flooded the village roads.
那場傾盆大雨下了三個小時,淹沒了村莊的道路。
- up-
the opposite prefix, meaning higher, greater, or better (e.g. upgrade, uplift)
用法筆記
The base word keeps its original spelling when down- is attached. Common words formed with this prefix include downfall (a sudden loss of power or success), downsize (to reduce the number of employees), downgrade (to reduce to a lower level), downplay (to make something seem less important), and downpour (a heavy fall of rain).
down — 介系詞
1. moving from a higher place toward a lower place — for example, going down a hill
順…往下
從高處往低處移動
moving from a higher place toward a lower place — for example, going down a hill, down stairs, or down a wall
Yael walked carefully down the stairs with her baby brother.
Yael 小心翼翼地抱著弟弟走下樓梯。
down + the stairs — common direction collocation
Tears rolled down Tanvi's cheeks during the sad wedding scene.
在感人的婚禮場景中,淚水流下 Tanvi 的臉頰。
A red kite fell down the roof and landed in the garden.
一只紅色風箏從屋頂掉下來,落在花園裡。
Karim threw the ball down the hill and his dog ran after it.
Karim 把球丟下山坡,他的狗立刻追了上去。
Rain ran down the wall after the storm passed over the town.
暴風雨過後,雨水順著牆壁流了下來。
- up
opposite direction: from a lower to a higher position
文法句型
down + noun phrase (place or surface)
用法筆記
Subject of the sentence is usually a person or thing that moves or is moved. Frequently used with verbs of motion such as walk, run, fall, roll, climb, and flow.
常見錯誤
2. following the line or course of a road, river, path, corridor, or similar surfac
沿著;順著
沿某一路線或方向前進
following the line or course of a road, river, path, corridor, or similar surface — moving from one point to another along it
Mayumi walked down the street to buy some bread and milk.
Mayumi 沿著街道走去買麵包和牛奶。
down the street — most common ALONG collocation
Femi's boat drifted down the river toward the old wooden bridge.
Femi 的船順著河流漂向那座舊木橋。
There is a nice coffee shop just down the road from the library.
圖書館旁邊沿路走下去有一家不錯的咖啡店。
Jin ran down the corridor to catch the elevator before it closed.
Jin 沿著走廊跑去,想趕在電梯關門前搭上。
Élise pushed her bicycle down the path through the park every morning.
Élise 每天早上推著腳踏車沿著公園的小路走。
文法句型
down + road/street/river/path/corridor
用法筆記
Unlike sense 1 (LOWER POSITION), this sense does not imply any change in height — the surface may be flat. The focus is on covering distance along a linear feature.
常見錯誤
3. to or toward the far end of something, or to a particular point along a route —
通往(遠處)
前往某處末端或指定地點
to or toward the far end of something, or to a particular point along a route — emphasizing the destination or the endpoint rather than the path itself
James lives three houses down the street from the library on the corner.
James 住在離圖書館三棟房子遠的那條街上。
number + down + noun — distance measurement pattern
The restroom is down the hall on the left, next to the stairs.
洗手間在大廳那頭,左手邊,樓梯旁邊。
Rodrigo walked down the garden to check on his tomato plants.
Rodrigo 走到花園盡頭去查看他的番茄苗。
A gas station sits further down the highway about three miles away.
沿高速公路再往前大約三英里處有一個加油站。
Mark moved the chairs down the deck so guests could see the view.
Mark 把椅子搬到陽台那頭,好讓客人能看見風景。
文法句型
down + noun phrase (destination or endpoint)
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 2 (ALONG): sense 2 describes movement along a linear path without emphasizing the endpoint, while sense 3 focuses on reaching or being at a specific destination. Compare 'She walked down the street' (ALONG, focusing on the act of walking) with 'She lives down the street' (TO, focusing on location).