common form
common form — 慣用語
1. the set of physical features or characteristics that are most usual or typical w
共有型態
同一物種內最普遍的型態特徵
the set of physical features or characteristics that are most usual or typical within a particular kind of living thing or group of similar things
Adina learned that the common form of a maple leaf has five pointed lobes.
Adina 學到楓葉的共有型態有五個尖瓣。
collocation: common form of + [species]
Most sparrows in this region share the same common form, but some have lighter wings.
這個地區多數麻雀都有相同的共有型態，但有些翅膀顏色較淺。
The biology textbook showed the common form of a daisy with a yellow centre and white petals.
生物課本顯示雛菊的共有型態是黃色花心和白色花瓣。
Tuan noticed that the common form of the local oak tree has dark green leaves with rounded edges.
Tuan 注意到當地橡樹的共有型態是深綠色圓邊葉子。
用法筆記
This sense is primarily used in biology and taxonomy, where it describes the typical morphology of a species. Distinguish from sense 2 (legal probate) and sense 3 (common-law pleading), which are restricted to legal contexts.
2. a simplified legal procedure for proving that a will is valid, used when no one
簡式檢認
無爭議遺囑的簡易認證程序
a simplified legal procedure for proving that a will is valid, used when no one challenges the will and the person who is named as executor confirms its authenticity under oath without needing witnesses or a court hearing
The executor proved the will in common form by swearing an affidavit before the registrar.
遺囑執行人在登記官面前宣誓提交誓章，以簡式檢認方式認證了遺囑。
proved in common form — fixed legal phrase
The solicitor advised Hana that a common form grant of probate would be sufficient.
律師告訴 Hana 申請簡式檢認授權書即已足夠。
Tariq applied for a common form grant after confirming no relatives objected to the will.
Tariq 確認沒有親屬對遺囑提出異議後，申請了簡式檢認授權。
Unlike solemn form, common form probate does not require a court hearing with witnesses.
與正式檢認不同，簡式檢認不需要傳喚證人的法庭聽證。
用法筆記
In English probate law, 'common form' is the standard, uncontested route. By contrast, 'solemn form' requires a formal court hearing with witnesses. This sense appears almost exclusively in UK and Commonwealth legal contexts.
3. one of the traditional, fixed formats for writing a legal complaint or defence i
固定訴狀格式
普通法中按固定模式撰寫的訴狀
one of the traditional, fixed formats for writing a legal complaint or defence in English common-law courts, used for standard types of lawsuits such as debt, trespass, or breach of contract, where the wording of the claims followed a set pattern
Stefan studied the writ of assumpsit as a common form used to sue for broken promises.
Stefan 研讀了 Assumpsit（違約令狀），將其作為起訴背信行為的固定訴狀格式之一。
one of the common forms used to [legal purpose]
A lawyer had to pick a common form that matched the type of injury the client suffered.
律師必須選擇符合當事人受害類型的固定訴狀格式。
The writ of debt was the common form for claiming money a borrower had failed to repay.
債務令狀是針對借款人未能還款的固定訴狀格式。
João read about trover, a common form used when someone refused to return another person's goods.
João 閱讀了 Trover（侵佔令狀），這是一種在對方拒絕歸還物品時使用的固定訴狀格式。
用法筆記
This sense is historical and refers to the system of 'forms of action' in English common law before the 19th-century reforms. Examples include assumpsit (breach of promise), debt, detinue (wrongful holding of goods), replevin (recovery of goods), trespass on the case, and trover. The phrase 'common form' in this context means a standardised pleading template.