commons
commons — 形容詞
- commonspositive
- more commonscomparative
- most commonssuperlative
1. used, done, or shared by everyone in a group or community, not limited to just o
共同；公共
屬於群體或多人的
used, done, or shared by everyone in a group or community, not limited to just one person
The residents share a common garden where the Watanabe children play every afternoon.
這棟公寓的住戶共用一座花園，渡邊家的孩子每天下午都在那裡玩耍。
common + noun for shared resources
The building has a common kitchen on the first floor that Ines and the other tenants use for cooking.
這棟大樓一樓有一間共用廚房，Ines 和其他房客都在那裡做飯。
common kitchen / common room — shared physical space
English became their common language because Nila spoke Tamil and Erik spoke only Swedish.
英語成了他們的共同語言，因為 Nila 只會淡米爾語，而 Erik 只會說瑞典語。
A common goal united the team despite their different backgrounds and opinions.
一個共同的目標讓這個團隊團結在一起，儘管成員背景和意見各不相同。
- shared
more concrete; used for physical objects or spaces
- collective
more formal; emphasises the group as a whole
- mutual
focuses on a reciprocal relationship between two parties
- private
belonging to one person only
- individual
relating to a single person rather than a group
用法筆記
Frequently used before nouns that describe shared spaces (common room, common area) or shared qualities (common interest, common goal).
常見錯誤
2. happening many times or seen in many places, so that people are familiar with it
常見；頻繁
經常發生的
happening many times or seen in many places, so that people are familiar with it
Colds are a common illness among schoolchildren during the winter months.
感冒是學童在冬季常見的疾病。
common illness / common problem — frequent occurrence
It is common for libraries in this city to stay open until nine in the evening.
這個城市的圖書館通常開放到晚上九點。
it is common for + noun + to-infinitive
A common mistake among new drivers is to forget checking the blind spot.
新手駕駛常犯的錯誤是忘記檢查後視鏡死角。
The case was dismissed for lack of evidence, a common outcome in such disputes.
此案因缺乏證據而被駁回，這類糾紛經常出現這種結果。
Reuben heard the song so often that the tune became a common sound in his head.
Reuben 太常聽到這首歌了，這旋律在他腦中變成了熟悉的聲音。
- frequent
slightly more formal; emphasises the time interval
- widespread
emphasises the large area or number of people affected
- everyday
suggests routine ordinariness rather than statistical frequency
文法句型
it is common + to-infinitive
it is common + for someone + to-infinitive
常見錯誤
3. found or existing over a wide area or among a large number of people.
普遍；廣泛
存在或發生範圍很廣的
found or existing over a wide area or among a large number of people.
The use of ride-sharing apps is now common across all age groups in the city.
叫車應用程式的使用現已遍及全市各年齡層。
It is common practice in Japanese schools for students to clean their classrooms daily.
在日本學校，學生每天放學後打掃教室是普遍的作法。
common practice — widespread custom or habit
Air pollution has become a common concern for residents of large cities worldwide.
空氣污染已成為世界各地大城市居民普遍關心的問題。
A common belief in the region held that the old temple brought good luck to the village.
當地普遍認為那座古老的寺廟能為村莊帶來好運。
- widespread
more emphatic about geographic or social range
- prevalent
more formal; used in academic or medical contexts
- general
broader; can also mean 'not specific'
用法筆記
Contrast with sense 2 (FREQUENT / FAMILIAR): sense 3 describes broad geographic or social reach, while sense 2 describes frequent occurrence. Compare 'a common disease' (affects many people = sense 3) vs 'a common complaint' (heard repeatedly = sense 2).
4. not special, unusual, or from a high social class; like most other people or thi
普通；一般
不特別出眾的
not special, unusual, or from a high social class; like most other people or things
The hero of the story is a common person who finds the courage to help others.
故事的主角是一個鼓起勇氣幫助他人的普通人。
Eri comes from a common family with no famous relatives or political connections.
Eri 出身普通家庭，沒有名人親戚或政治背景。
The hotel provided common soap and shampoo, nothing special, but the room was clean and the bed was comfortable.
這間旅館提供的只是普通肥皂和洗髮精，沒有什麼特別的，但房間乾淨，床也很舒服。
The shop sells common household items like soap, towels, and kitchen knives.
這家商店販售肥皂、毛巾和廚房刀具等一般家居用品。
- special
having unusual qualities
- extraordinary
far beyond what is ordinary
用法筆記
When describing people, 'common' can sound dismissive. Use 'ordinary' or 'average' in neutral or positive contexts.
常見錯誤
5. lacking good manners, taste, or education; not refined or polite
粗俗；低級
缺乏教養或品味的
lacking good manners, taste, or education; not refined or polite
The other guests were shocked by his common table manners and loud jokes.
他的餐桌禮儀粗俗、笑話又大聲，讓其他賓客感到震驚。
common manners — lack of politeness or refinement
Amani found the comedian's jokes too common and walked out of the show early.
Amani 覺得那位喜劇演員的笑話太低級了，於是提早離場。
Her grandmother said that dyeing your hair bright pink looked common and cheap.
她奶奶說把頭髮染成亮粉色看起來很廉價又俗氣。
The landlord spoke in a common way that made the job applicants uncomfortable.
那位房東說話粗鄙，讓求職者們感到很不自在。
用法筆記
This sense is dated and often carries a class-based judgment. It is more common in older British English; modern speakers usually prefer 'vulgar', 'crude', or 'tasteless'.
常見錯誤
commons — 名詞
1. the lower house of the British Parliament, whose members are elected by the publ
下議院
英國國會下議院
the lower house of the British Parliament, whose members are elected by the public to make laws and debate government policy
The new education bill was debated in the House of Commons for over six hours.
新的教育法案在下議院辯論了六個多小時。
House of Commons — proper noun, always capitals
Maja was elected to the Commons in 2019 and quickly became a well-known MP.
Maja 於 2019 年當選進入下議院，很快就成了知名的國會議員。
The Speaker of the House of Commons called for order during the heated debate.
下議院議長在激烈的辯論中要求全場肅靜。
A vote in the Commons decided whether the country would join the new trade agreement.
下議院的一場投票決定了英國是否加入新的貿易協定。
- House of Lords
the upper house of the British Parliament
文法句型
the Commons
House of Commons
用法筆記
Always capitalised and preceded by 'the'. 'Commons' alone (without 'House of') is acceptable in British news writing but less common in formal texts.
常見錯誤
2. ordinary people who are not members of the nobility or clergy, viewed as a socia
平民；庶民
一般民眾（相對於貴族）
ordinary people who are not members of the nobility or clergy, viewed as a social or political group
In medieval England the nobles controlled the land while the commons worked the fields.
在中世紀的英格蘭，貴族控制土地，而平民在田裡耕作。
The king's new tax fell hardest on the commons, who had no voice in the decision.
國王的新稅主要壓在平民身上，而他們在決策中完全沒有發言權。
the commons — ordinary people as a social class
A charter was drawn up to protect the rights of the commons against the barons.
一份憲章被起草，以保護平民對抗貴族領主的權利。
The commons had no seat in the great council, so their grievances went unheard for decades.
平民在大議會中沒有席位，因此他們的苦衷幾十年來都無人聽聞。
- commoners
more modern equivalent; still somewhat formal
- the public
neutral, everyday term for ordinary citizens
- the populace
more formal and literary
- the nobility
the aristocratic class
- the clergy
the religious class in historical three-estate model
文法句型
the commons
用法筆記
Chiefly historical. In modern English, 'the public', 'ordinary people', or 'commoners' (less frequent) are more natural. 'The commons' is mostly encountered in historical or political theory texts.
3. an area of open land that belongs to the community and can be used freely by the
公有地
供公眾使用的開放土地
an area of open land that belongs to the community and can be used freely by the public, typically for grazing animals or recreation
Every morning the shepherd drives his sheep across the common to reach the river.
每天早晨，牧羊人都趕著羊群穿過公有地到河邊去。
The village common is a popular spot for summer picnics and outdoor concerts.
村莊公有地是夏季野餐和戶外音樂會的熱門地點。
village common / town common — typical collocation
Eri and Anjali walked their dogs on the common every evening after work.
Eri 和 Anjali 每天下班後都會到公有地去遛狗。
Old laws still protect the commons from being sold off for housing development.
古老的法律仍然保護這些公有地，禁止將其出售用於住宅開發。
- village green
specifically the grassy centre of a village, often used for events
- public park
more general; may include playgrounds and sports fields
- town common
chiefly US term for a central public open space
用法筆記
Often part of a place name in Britain (e.g., Clapham Common, Hampstead Heath — though 'Heath' differs). In the US, the equivalent is 'town common' or 'village green'. The plural 'commons' can refer either to a single such area or multiple areas.