counting
counting — 名詞
1. The act of saying numbers one after another in order, or the process of working
計數
逐一說出數字或計算數量的行為
The act of saying numbers one after another in order, or the process of working out how many people or things are in a group.
The counting of votes after a close election can take several hours.
在勝負難分的選舉之後，計票工作可能需要花上好幾個小時。
the counting of + noun phrase (votes)
Grandma taught Kim the basics of counting using dried beans and a jar.
奶奶用乾豆子和一個罐子教 Kim 基本的數數方法。
Accurate counting is essential when a warehouse manager takes inventory each month.
倉庫管理員每月盤點庫存時，準確計數非常重要。
The kindergarten class practiced counting by twos and backward from ten.
幼兒園班級練習每兩個數一次，也練習從十倒數回來。
Omar's job involves the counting of library books at the end of every term.
Omar 的工作是每學期末清點圖書館的藏書。
- enumeration
formal; used in technical or academic writing
- tallying
emphasises keeping a running total rather than just reciting numbers
- reckoning
more historical or literary; can mean counting or calculating
文法句型
the counting of + noun phrase
counting + noun phrase
常見錯誤
2. The process of counting people or things to determine how many there are, often
清點
為確定總數而逐一清點物品或人數的過程
The process of counting people or things to determine how many there are, often producing an official figure or total.
The vote counting continued through the night as watchers from both parties stayed until dawn.
計票工作一直持續到深夜，兩個政黨的選舉觀察員都待到天亮。
the counting of + noun phrase (vote) — process that gives a total
Careful counting of the donations revealed that the fundraiser had collected over forty-three thousand dollars.
仔細清點捐款後發現，這次募款活動總共募集了超過四萬三千美元。
adjective + counting + of + noun phrase — describes how the process is done
The counting of the third-grade students before the field trip took nearly twenty minutes.
在戶外教學前清點三年級學生人數花了將近二十分鐘。
Accurate counting of the inventory is essential before the annual audit each year.
在年底年度審計之前，準確清點庫存至關重要。
The counting of spectators at the stadium entrance helped security stay within the legal capacity.
清點場館入口處的觀眾人數，協助保全人員將人數控制在法定容留上限之內。
- tallying
emphasises keeping a running record, often on paper or a chart
- tabulation
formal; used when data is organised into tables or columns
文法句型
the counting of + noun phrase
adjective + counting + of + noun phrase
用法筆記
The gerund noun 'counting' in this sense describes the process of tallying that produces a total figure. It is uncountable — do not use 'a counting' or 'countings'. For the resulting total itself, use the shorter noun 'count' (e.g. 'the final count was 350', not 'the final counting was 350').
常見錯誤
3. The process of determining the number of cells, particles, or other microscopic
檢驗計數
在醫學或環境檢測中計算細胞或微粒的過程
The process of determining the number of cells, particles, or other microscopic units in a sample, especially in medical tests or environmental monitoring.
The counting of white blood cells helps doctors detect infections before symptoms appear.
計算白血球的數量有助於醫生在症狀出現之前發現感染。
the counting of + cells — medical context
Daily counting of pollen in the air helps Taipei's allergy clinics issue timely warnings.
每日計算空氣中的花粉數量，協助台北的過敏診所及時發布警報。
adjective + counting + of + noun phrase — environmental monitoring
Counting bacteria in a milk sample is a standard safety check at local dairy farms.
計算牛奶樣本中的細菌數量，是當地酪農場的標準安全檢查程序。
Microscopic counting of platelets gave Dr. Nakamura the information she needed to adjust the dosage.
顯微鏡下的血小板檢驗計數，讓中村醫師獲得調整劑量所需的資訊。
The laboratory's automated counting of red blood cells is more reliable than manual methods.
實驗室自動化的紅血球檢驗計數，比人工計算可靠得多。
- enumeration
formal term for counting one by one, used in scientific writing
- quantification
broader; can refer to measuring amounts, not just countable items
文法句型
the counting of + noun phrase (cells/particles)
adjective + counting + of + noun phrase
用法筆記
Distinguish from the noun 'count' (as in 'blood count'): this sense describes the process of determining a value, not the resulting value itself. 'Counting' is uncountable here. When you need the test result (e.g. 'a blood count of 5000'), use 'count', not 'counting'.
常見錯誤
counting — 動詞
- countingpresent simple I / you / we / they
- countings3rd person singular
- countinging-ing form
- countingedpast simple
1. To say numbers one after another in the correct order, or to find the total numb
數數；計算
依序說出數字或算出總數
To say numbers one after another in the correct order, or to find the total number of people or things in a group by checking each one.
The children counted from one to thirty in Mandarin during the lesson.
孩子們在課堂上用國語從一數到三十。
count from [number] to [number]
Sofia counted the ingredients on the kitchen counter to see if anything was missing.
Sofia 數了數廚房流理台上的食材，看看有沒有缺什麼。
count + direct object (ingredients)
Little Haruto can count up to fifty but gets confused after that.
小 Haruto 可以數到五十，但之後就會搞混。
Before leaving the park, Mrs. Okonkwo counted her children to make sure nobody was lost.
離開公園前，Okonkwo 太太數了數她的孩子，確保沒有人走失。
The cashier counted the money in the register twice to be absolutely certain.
收銀員數了兩次收銀機裡的錢，以求絕對準確。
文法句型
count + noun phrase
count from [number] to [number]
count up to [number]
常見錯誤
2. To count how many people are present in a place, especially to check that everyo
點算人數
清點某處的人數確認到齊
To count how many people are present in a place, especially to check that everyone who should be there is there.
The camp counselor counted the children after every hike to make sure nobody was missing.
露營輔導員每次健行後都會點算兒童人數，確保沒有人走失。
count + group of people (the children)
Before the doors closed, the flight attendant counted the passengers one last time.
艙門關閉前，空服員最後一次點算乘客人數。
The tour guide counted the group before getting back on the bus.
導遊在上巴士前點算了團員人數。
The security guard counted the crowd at the stadium entrance to stay within the safety limit.
保全在體育館入口點算群眾人數，以確保不超出安全容留上限。
After the fire drill the principal counted the students in the parking lot.
消防演習結束後，校長在停車場點算了學生人數。
文法句型
count + noun phrase (people)
用法筆記
Distinct from the general RECITE NUMBERS sense — here the purpose is verifying presence or completeness, not simply calculating a figure. The object is always a group of people.
3. To be important or to have an effect on a situation, especially in deciding the
有價值；重要
具有重要性或影響力
To be important or to have an effect on a situation, especially in deciding the result or the value of something.
In a marathon every second counts, especially during the final kilometer.
在馬拉松比賽中，每一秒都很重要，尤其是在最後一公里。
every [noun] counts — fixed expression for importance
What counts most to Mrs. Park is that her students feel safe and respected.
對 Park 太太來說，最重要的是她的學生感到安全且受到尊重。
what counts (most) is + that-clause
Experience often counts for more than a university degree in this industry.
在這行，經驗往往比大學學歷更有價值。
A single mistake can count against you during a job interview.
在求職面試中，一個失誤就可能對你不利。
For the scholarship committee, community service counts as much as academic achievement.
對獎學金委員會來說，社區服務和學業成績一樣重要。
- matter
the closest synonym; slightly more formal and neutral in tone
- be important
more direct; works in formal and informal registers
- weigh
suggests being a significant factor in a decision; more formal
文法句型
count + (for + noun phrase)
count + against + noun phrase
用法筆記
Intransitive only — you cannot 'count something' in this sense. Use 'count for' to express degree of importance, 'count against' for disadvantage, and 'count as much as' for equal value. The fixed expression 'every second/minute/dollar counts' is very common in everyday English.
常見錯誤
4. To consider someone or something as belonging to a particular type or group, or
視為；算作
把某人或某物認定為某類
To consider someone or something as belonging to a particular type or group, or to have a particular quality or value.
The court counted the defendant's past record as evidence of a pattern of behaviour.
法院將被告的前科視為其行為模式的證據。
count + noun phrase + as + noun phrase (classification)
In tennis a ball that lands outside the line does not count as a point.
在網球比賽中，落在界外的球不算得分。
count as + noun phrase — being classified as
Dr. Chen counts her volunteer work in rural towns among her most valuable experiences.
陳醫師將她在鄉鎮的義診工作視為自己最寶貴的經歷之一。
Most birdwatchers count spotting a rare species as the highlight of their trip.
大多數賞鳥者把看到稀有鳥種視為旅途中最精采的時刻之一。
The judge counted the witness's statement as unreliable because it was contradicted by other evidence.
法官認為證人的陳述不可靠，因為它與其他證據相互矛盾。
文法句型
count + noun phrase + noun phrase/adjective (object complement)
count + as + noun phrase
用法筆記
Two main patterns: (a) transitive with object complement: 'count someone something' (e.g. 'count it a success') — slightly formal; (b) 'count as' for classification (e.g. 'this counts as experience') — very common in everyday English. In the passive, 'be counted as' is also frequent: 'this can be counted as a win'.