extraction

/ɪkˈstrækʃn/ (bre, ipa) · /ɪkˈstrækʃn/ (ame, ipa) · /ik-ˈstrak-shən/ (ame, mw)

extraction — 名詞

  • extractionsingular
  • extractionsplural

1. the process of pulling or drawing a substance, material, or object out of anothe

1.名詞B2
釋義

提取；開採

從物體或環境中取出某物的過程

the process of pulling or drawing a substance, material, or object out of another substance, object, or location, often requiring effort or a specific method

例句

The lab technician carried out the extraction of the metal from the rock sample.

實驗室技術員從岩石樣本中提取金屬。

collocation: carried out the extraction

The extraction of caffeine from coffee beans is done with hot water and a chemical process.

從咖啡豆中萃取咖啡因的過程需要使用熱水及化學程序。

pattern: extraction of [substance] from [source]

同義詞
  • removal

    broader and less technical; suits everyday contexts

  • withdrawal

    used for money from an account or troops from a location

  • mining

    specific to extracting minerals from the ground

反義詞
  • insertion

    the act of putting something in

  • addition

    adding something rather than taking it out

用法筆記

Common in technical fields such as chemistry, mining, manufacturing, and data processing. Countable when referring to a specific instance or method — e.g. 'three different extractions were tested.'

常見錯誤

❌The extraction of the book from the shelf was quick.
✅Taking the book from the shelf was quick.
💡'extraction' implies effort or a method, not simple physical removal.

2. a dental procedure in which a tooth is pulled out from a person's gums and jawbo

2.名詞B2
釋義

拔牙

將牙齒從口腔中拔除的醫療程序

a dental procedure in which a tooth is pulled out from a person's gums and jawbone, often because it is damaged, infected, or causing crowding

例句

The dentist performed a simple extraction on the damaged molar.

牙醫對那顆受損的臼齒進行了簡單的拔牙手術。

collocation: performed an extraction

Sofie needed a tooth extraction because her wisdom tooth was growing sideways.

Sofie 需要拔牙，因為她的智齒長歪了。

countable use: a tooth extraction

同義詞
  • pulling

    informal everyday word for the same procedure

  • removal

    more general; extraction is the specific dental term

反義詞
  • implant

    putting an artificial tooth in, the opposite procedure

  • filling

    repairing a tooth rather than removing it

用法筆記

Patients typically 'have an extraction' or 'get an extraction'; dentists 'perform an extraction.' Distinguish from sense 1 — this sense is specific to teeth and always refers to a medical procedure.

常見錯誤

❌I went to the doctor for a tooth extraction.
✅I went to the dentist for a tooth extraction.
💡Tooth extraction is always a dental procedure, not a general medical one.

3. the operation of moving people or valuable assets out of a dangerous or enemy-co

3.名詞C1
釋義

撤離；撤出

將人員或物資從危險區域安全移出

the operation of moving people or valuable assets out of a dangerous or enemy-controlled area, typically carried out by military units or emergency teams

例句

The rescue team planned the extraction of the hikers from the snowy mountain.

救援隊計劃將登山客從雪山上撤離。

pattern: extraction of [people] from [location]

Ryan participated in a military extraction operation behind enemy lines.

Ryan 參與了一項敵後軍事撤離行動。

同義詞
  • evacuation

    broader term, typically used for civilians moving out of a danger zone

  • withdrawal

    used when troops pull out of an area in an organized manner

  • rescue

    focuses on saving people from danger, often interchangeable in emergency contexts

反義詞
  • deployment

    sending troops into an area, the opposite of pulling them out

  • insertion

    putting personnel into a zone, used in military jargon

用法筆記

Often found in news reports about military conflicts or natural disasters. The subject performing the extraction is usually a team, unit, or organization. Distinguish from sense 1 — this sense is about people or assets being moved out of danger, not about removing a substance from something.

常見錯誤

❌The extraction of the miners from the collapsed tunnel was quick.' — This should use 'rescue' or 'evacuation' rather than 'extraction' unless it is a formal military-style operation.
✅The rescue team completed the extraction of the trapped miners within six hours.
💡'extraction' fits when the operation is organized and involves trained personnel.

4. the country, region, or social class that a person's ancestors originally came f

4.名詞B2
釋義

血統；出身

祖先的國籍、民族或社會階層背景

the country, region, or social class that a person's ancestors originally came from, used especially in the fixed pattern 'of … extraction' to describe family background

例句

Hui is of Chinese extraction, but she was born and raised in Kuala Lumpur.

Hui 是華裔，但她出生並在吉隆坡長大。

pattern: be of + nationality + extraction

The documents showed that Esteban was of Spanish extraction on his mother's side.

文件顯示 Esteban 的母系血統是西班牙裔。

pattern: of + nationality + extraction

同義詞
  • ancestry

    more common in everyday use; broader meaning

  • descent

    similar meaning and formality; 'of French descent' is interchangeable with 'of French extraction'

  • origin

    more general; can also refer to non-family origins like a word's etymology

文法句型

be of [nationality/ethnicity] extraction

be of [social class] extraction

用法筆記

Almost always appears in the fixed phrase 'of [adjective] extraction' — the adjective describes the ancestor's origin (nationality, ethnicity, or social class). Does not refer to a person's own nationality; a person can be American but of Japanese extraction. Less common in everyday speech; 'ancestry' and 'descent' are more frequent alternatives.

常見錯誤

❌She is of extraction Mexican.
✅She is of Mexican extraction.
💡The nationality or class descriptor must come before 'extraction', not after.