founding
founding — 形容詞
1. describes the people, events, or core ideas that belong to the period when a maj
創始的
組織或國家最初創立階段的
describes the people, events, or core ideas that belong to the period when a major organization, nation, or institution was first created.
The university invited all living descendants of its founding president to the ceremony.
該大學邀請了創校校長的所有在世後裔參加典禮。
founding + role (president/member/father)
Dr. Okafor wrote a detailed book about the founding principles of the African Union.
Okafor 博士撰寫了一本關於非洲聯盟創始原則的詳細著作。
The museum's founding collection came entirely from one family's private art collection.
該博物館的創始藏品全部來自一個家族的私人藝術收藏。
The founding members of the co-operative still meet for lunch every month.
合作社的創始成員仍然每個月一起聚餐。
- original
focuses on the first form; less tied to the act of creation
- pioneering
emphasises the innovative or trailblazing aspect of the early period
- later
refers to developments after the initial period
- subsequent
describes things that came after the founding era
文法句型
founding + noun
用法筆記
Used only before a noun — you cannot say 'the principles are founding.'
常見錯誤
founding — 名詞
1. the event or process by which an important organization, country, or institution
成立；創立
組織、國家等成立的過程或時刻
the event or process by which an important organization, country, or institution is brought into being for the first time.
This year marks the seventieth anniversary of the company's founding in Taipei.
今年是該公司在臺北成立的七十週年紀念。
noun: anniversary/date + of founding
The founding of the National Health Service took place in 1948.
英國國民保健署的成立是在 1948 年。
Mei Ling's research examines the founding of modern healthcare systems across Southeast Asia.
Mei Ling 的研究探討了東南亞現代醫療體系的建立過程。
The city celebrated the founding of its first public library with a week of events.
該市舉辦了為期一週的活動，慶祝第一座公共圖書館的成立。
- establishment
more general; can apply to rules or systems, not just organizations
- creation
broader scope; can refer to art, ideas, or physical objects
- inception
more formal; suggests the very first moment of beginning
- dissolution
the formal ending of an organization
- closure
the act of shutting down a business or institution
文法句型
the founding of [institution]
用法筆記
Often followed by 'of' and the name of the organization. Can be both countable ('a founding') and uncountable ('since its founding').
常見錯誤
founding — 動詞
1. to start or create a lasting organization, company, city, or other institution t
創辦；創立
建立持續存在的組織或機構
to start or create a lasting organization, company, city, or other institution that continues to exist beyond the initial effort.
Henrik and Sofia founded a language school that now teaches eight hundred students.
Henrik 和 Sofia 創辦了一所語言學校，如今教授八百名學生。
transitive: found + [organization]
In 1923, Amara's grandfather founded the first independent newspaper in the region.
1923 年，Amara 的祖父創立了該地區第一家獨立報紙。
The Jeong family is founding a new research institute dedicated to renewable energy.
Jeong 家族正在創立一個專注於再生能源的新研究機構。
Kwame founded a community garden that supplies fresh vegetables to local restaurants.
Kwame 創辦了一個社區菜園，為當地餐廳供應新鮮蔬菜。
文法句型
found + [organization]
用法筆記
Different from 'set up,' which can be used for temporary arrangements. 'Found' implies creating something meant to last.
常見錯誤
2. to place the lower supporting part of a large building, bridge, or other structu
奠基；打地基
為大型建築物建造地面基礎
to place the lower supporting part of a large building, bridge, or other structure into the ground so that it stays safely in position.
The engineers founded the bridge's concrete pillars on solid bedrock to prevent sinking.
工程師將大橋的混凝土橋墩建立在堅固的岩盤上，以防止下沉。
founded [structure] on [base material] — physical construction
Workers spent two weeks founding the library's base in soft coastal soil.
工人花了兩週時間在鬆軟的沿海土壤中為新圖書館打地基。
The old cathedral is founded on wooden piles driven deep into the riverbed.
這座古老的大教堂建立在深入河床的木樁網絡之上。
The dam's wall is founded on granite layers thirty metres below the surface.
水壩的主體牆建立在地表以下三十公尺的花崗岩層之上。
文法句型
found [structure] on [ground/material]
be founded on [base]
用法筆記
This is a technical construction sense. In everyday English, 'lay the foundation for' or 'build the base of' are more common.
常見錯誤
3. to use a particular fact, piece of evidence, or guiding principle as the main su
根據；基於
以某事為主張的基礎
to use a particular fact, piece of evidence, or guiding principle as the main support for a belief, opinion, argument, or system.
The professor founded her theory on data collected from over forty clinical studies.
教授將她的理論建立在四十多項臨床研究所收集的數據之上。
founded [abstract thing] on [evidence]
The architects' partnership was founded on mutual respect and a shared passion for design.
這兩位建築師的合作建立在相互尊重和對設計的共同熱愛之上。
passive: be founded on [abstract quality]
The judge's decision is founded on a strict reading of the original contract.
法官的判決是基於對原始合約的嚴格解讀。
Yuki's teaching method is founded on the idea that students learn best through hands-on practice.
Yuki 的教學方法是基於「學生透過實作學得最好」的理念。
- undermine
to weaken or destroy the basis of an argument or system
文法句型
be founded on [evidence/principle]
found [claim] on [basis]
用法筆記
Nearly always appears in the passive or with a reflexive-like structure. The active form ('He founded his argument on…') is more formal. Distinguish from verb sense 1: this sense does NOT involve creating an institution; it describes the logical basis of an idea.