establishment

IPA/ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/
KK[ɪstˈæblɪʃmənt]IPA/ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/

establishment — 名詞

  • establishmentsingular
  • establishmentsplural

1. a place where a business, service, or other organized activity takes place, such

1.名詞B1
釋義

機構；場所

商店、旅館、學校等營業或服務單位

a place where a business, service, or other organized activity takes place, such as a shop, hotel, restaurant, school, or office building.

例句

The new bookstore on College Avenue is a popular establishment among local readers.

大學路上那家新書店是當地讀者喜愛的場所。

collocation: popular establishment

Health inspectors visited every food establishment in the district last month.

衛生稽查員上月檢查了該區所有餐飲場所。

常見搭配
  • educational establishment
  • military establishment
  • commercial establishment
  • eating establishment
  • financial establishment
  • medical establishment
同義詞
  • organization

    broader term; can refer to a group or body without a physical location

  • institution

    more formal; suggests an organization with an established reputation, such as a university or bank

  • business

    more specific; focuses on commercial activity rather than the physical premises

  • premises

    focuses on the physical building or land rather than the organization itself

文法句型

a/an + adjective + establishment

establishment + preposition + place

用法筆記

Commonly modified by adjectives describing the type or quality of the place: 'educational establishment', 'military establishment', 'eating establishment'.

常見錯誤

I work at an establishment of law.
I work at a law firm.
'establishment' is too general for 'law firm'; use the specific name of the organization.

2. the powerful individuals within a country, profession, or area of activity who c

2.名詞B2
釋義

當權派；建制

掌握權力、抗拒變革的統治集團

the powerful individuals within a country, profession, or area of activity who control decisions and usually oppose new ideas or major changes.

例句

Young politicians in the party accused the old establishment of blocking necessary reforms.

黨內的年輕政治人物指責舊當權派阻撓必要的改革。

collocation: old establishment / political establishment

The medical establishment was slow to approve the new vaccine despite promising trial results.

醫界當權派對於核准新疫苗態度保守，儘管試驗結果令人振奮。

常見搭配
  • political establishment
  • medical establishment
  • literary establishment
  • scientific establishment
  • military establishment
  • the old establishment
  • the liberal establishment
同義詞
  • the authorities

    refers more to official power-holders (police, government) rather than informal social influence

  • the ruling class

    more Marxist/economic; emphasizes class-based rather than institutional power

  • the powers that be

    informal phrase; vaguer and often used in everyday complaints

  • the system

    broader term that includes rules and structures, not just people

反義詞
  • outsider

    a person who is not part of the establishment

  • rebel

    someone who actively opposes the establishment

  • counterculture

    a culture whose values oppose those of the establishment

文法句型

the + [adjective] + establishment

the + [field] + establishment

用法筆記

Often written with a capital E ('the Establishment') when referring to the traditionally powerful social class in a particular country. Frequently used critically by those who feel excluded from power.

常見錯誤

The establishment of the company took two years.' (confusing sense 2 with sense 3)
The establishment of the company took two years.
'establishment' meaning 'founding' is sense 3, not the power-group sense.

3. the process by which a new organization, system, law, or long-term arrangement i

3.名詞B2
釋義

建立；創立

創設機構、制度或關係的過程

the process by which a new organization, system, law, or long-term arrangement is set up and begins to operate.

例句

The establishment of the United Nations in 1945 aimed to prevent future world wars.

聯合國於 1945 年成立，旨在防止未來發生世界大戰。

collocation: establishment of [organization]

Erik donated money to support the establishment of a new cancer research centre.

Erik 捐出經費，贊助設立一家新的癌症研究中心。

常見搭配
  • the establishment of diplomatic relations
  • the establishment of a committee
  • the establishment of a new system
  • the establishment of peace
  • since its establishment
  • upon the establishment of
同義詞
  • founding

    more specific to organizations or cities; warmer, more celebratory tone

  • creation

    broader; can apply to anything brought into existence, not just long-lasting institutions

  • formation

    suggests a gradual coming-together of parts rather than a single founding act

  • institution

    as a noun for the act (rare), similar to 'establishment' but more formal and less common

反義詞
  • abolition

    the official ending of a law, system, or institution

  • dissolution

    the closing down or breaking up of an organization

文法句型

the establishment of + [noun phrase]

since its establishment

upon the establishment of

用法筆記

Almost always followed by 'of' + a noun phrase that names what was created. Common in formal, historical, and political writing. Do not confuse with sense 2 ('the Establishment' = the ruling group).

常見錯誤

The establishment of the university was in 1950 and it has many buildings.' (redundant)
The university was established in 1950.
when referring to a specific institution, the verb form is more natural and concise.

同根字

  • establish
    動詞B1
  • established
    形容詞B1
  • establishmentarian
    形容詞C1
  • anti-establishment
    形容詞C1
  • re-establish
    動詞C1
  • re-establishment
    名詞C2

常見搭配

名詞搭配

  • the establishment of
  • an establishment that
  • establishment figures

常用片語

  • the establishment of diplomatic relations
  • a well-run establishment
  • the military establishment
  • since its establishment

介系詞搭配

  • at an establishment
  • in an establishment
  • within the establishment