estimated
estimated — 形容詞
1. used to describe a number, amount, or time that has been calculated roughly and
粗略的；大約的
非精確計算的數字或數量
used to describe a number, amount, or time that has been calculated roughly and may not be exactly right.
The estimated cost of building the new library is around two million dollars.
建造新圖書館的預估成本大約是兩百萬美元。
estimated + cost: typical noun collocation for a project budget
The estimated arrival time of the flight from Tokyo is 3:45 this afternoon.
來自東京的航班預計抵達時間是今天下午三點四十五分。
According to the estimated figures, the number of visitors has doubled since last year.
根據預估數字，遊客人數自去年以來已翻倍。
An estimated five hundred people attended the outdoor concert despite the rain.
大約有五百人冒雨參加了這場戶外音樂會。
- approximate
more common in everyday speech; 'estimated' sounds more formal and businesslike
- rough
more informal; 'a rough guess' vs 'an estimated figure'
文法句型
estimated + noun
用法筆記
Always used before a noun — you cannot say 'The cost is estimated' as an adjective without 'the estimated cost'. The verb form 'estimated' (past participle) is used in passive constructions instead.
常見錯誤
estimated — 動詞
1. to use the information you have to make a rough guess about the value, amount, s
估算；估計
根據資訊粗略計算數量或價值
to use the information you have to make a rough guess about the value, amount, size, or cost of something.
The real estate agent estimated the house at roughly four hundred and fifty thousand dollars.
房地產經紀人估算這棟房子大約值四十五萬美元。
estimate + noun + at + [amount]
Experts estimate that the new highway will take at least three years to complete.
專家估計這條新高速公路至少需要三年才能完工。
estimate + that-clause for a prediction
We estimated the crowd to be around eight thousand people based on the ticket sales.
根據售票情況，我們估計現場約有八千人。
Can you estimate how long it will take to drive from Taipei to Kaohsiung in this traffic?
在這種車流中，你能估計從台北開到高雄要多久嗎？
The scientists estimated the total amount of plastic waste entering the ocean each year.
科學家們估計了每年流入海洋的塑膠垃圾總量。
文法句型
estimate + noun phrase
estimate + that-clause
estimate + noun + to be + adjective/noun
用法筆記
Frequently used with 'at' before a price ('estimated at $200') or 'to be' before a description ('estimated to be 50 years old'). The that-clause pattern is common in reports and research writing.
常見錯誤
2. to roughly judge the size, distance, or other physical qualities of something by
估量
判斷物體的尺寸、距離或範圍
to roughly judge the size, distance, or other physical qualities of something by looking at it or measuring it.
The farmer estimated the width of the field by walking across it and counting his steps.
農夫一邊走過田地一邊數腳步，估算出這塊地的寬度。
Climbing the tree, young Kenji estimated its height at about twelve metres.
Kenji 爬上樹後，估計這棵樹的高度約有十二公尺。
estimate + noun + at + [measurement]
The rescue team estimated the distance to the stranded hikers at roughly five kilometres.
救援隊估計距離受困登山客的位置約有五公里。
Geologists estimated the thickness of the ice sheet using radar equipment.
地質學家使用雷達設備估算冰層的厚度。
文法句型
estimate + noun (size/weight/distance)
3. to tell a customer the expected price of a service or repair before the work beg
估價；報價
在施工前向客戶說明預期費用
to tell a customer the expected price of a service or repair before the work begins.
The mechanic estimated the cost of repairing the brakes at about eight thousand dollars.
技工估算修理煞車的費用大約是八千美元。
estimate the cost of [work] at [price]
Before signing the contract, ask the builder to estimate the labour costs for the renovation.
在簽署合約之前，請承包商業者估算裝修的人工費用。
The painter estimated that repainting the entire office would take three days and cost fifteen thousand.
油漆工估計重新粉刷整間辦公室需要三天，費用為一萬五千元。
We asked three different plumbers to estimate the job before choosing one.
我們請了三位不同的水電師傅來估價後才選定其中一位。
文法句型
estimate + cost of + noun/gerund
用法筆記
Common in service industries — construction, car repair, home improvement. The estimate is usually free and non-binding before a customer agrees to the work.
常見錯誤
4. to form a personal opinion or draw a conclusion about someone or something based
判斷；認定
根據證據形成個人看法或結論
to form a personal opinion or draw a conclusion about someone or something based on the evidence available.
After watching her perform, the judges estimated that she had the talent to win the competition.
看完她的表演後，評審們認定她有實力贏得比賽。
estimate + that-clause for forming an opinion based on observation
The teacher estimated that the student's project would take another two weeks to finish.
老師估計這位學生的專題報告還需要兩週才能完成。
Investors estimated that the company's new product would be a huge success in the Asian market.
投資人判斷該公司的新產品會在亞洲市場大獲成功。
文法句型
estimate + that-clause
用法筆記
This sense overlaps with 'judge' and 'conclude'. It is slightly more formal than 'guess' but less formal than 'determine'. Usually followed by a that-clause.
5. to have a strong feeling of respect or admiration for someone's worth or charact
敬重；重視
對某人的品格或才能懷有高度敬意
to have a strong feeling of respect or admiration for someone's worth or character.
The elderly professor was highly estimated by her colleagues for her thirty years of research on cancer treatments.
這位年長的教授因其三十年來在癌症治療方面的研究而深受同事們的敬重。
passive: be highly estimated by [someone] — archaic; prefer 'be highly esteemed/valued by'
- disdain
to regard with contempt or lack of respect
文法句型
be estimated + adverb (highly/greatly)
用法筆記
This sense is archaic — do NOT use 'estimate' to express respect or admiration in modern English. Instead, use 'esteem' (e.g., 'She was highly esteemed by her colleagues') or 'value' (e.g., 'We value your opinion very much'). Learners will only encounter this archaic sense in older literary texts from the 17th–19th centuries.
常見錯誤
6. to have a trained expert examine something — such as a painting, property, or pi
鑑定；評鑑
仔細檢查物品以確定其品質或市場價值
to have a trained expert examine something — such as a painting, property, or piece of jewellery — and officially decide its quality or market value, typically for insurance, a sale, or an auction.
An antiques dealer estimated the old painting at over one hundred thousand dollars.
一位古董商鑑定這幅老畫的價值超過十萬美元。
estimate antique/jewel/property at [value]
The insurance company asked an expert to estimate the value of the damaged building.
保險公司請專家鑑定受損建築物的價值。
Before the auction, every item was carefully estimated by a team of specialists.
拍賣前，每件物品都由專家團隊仔細鑑定過。
文法句型
estimate + noun (antique/property/jewel)
用法筆記
Contrast with verb/1 (APPROXIMATE WORTH): verb/1 is a rough guess based on available information, while verb/6 requires a trained person's careful examination. For a quick guess of a house price, use verb/1; for a formal valuation by a certified appraiser, use verb/6.
estimated — 名詞
1. a number or amount that you calculate or guess, based on available information b
預估；估算
根據現有資訊得出的近似數字
a number or amount that you calculate or guess, based on available information but not exact.
The police gave a rough estimate of the number of people at the protest.
警方粗略估計了參加抗議活動的人數。
rough estimate: common adjective-noun pair for an imprecise guess
At a conservative estimate, the damage from the storm will cost over two million dollars.
以保守估計，這場風暴造成的損失將超過兩百萬美元。
at a [adjective] estimate: fixed phrase for stating the basis of a guess
The company's latest estimate suggests that sales will grow by fifteen percent this year.
該公司的最新預估顯示今年銷售額將成長百分之十五。
These estimates are based on last year's data, so they may not be completely accurate.
這些預估是基於去年的數據，可能不盡準確。
According to official estimates, the city's population has grown by twenty percent in five years.
根據官方預估，該市的人口在五年內增加了百分之二十。
- approximation
more formal and mathematical; 'estimate' is broader in everyday use
- rough calculation
emphasises the imprecision
文法句型
an estimate of + noun
at a rough estimate
常見錯誤
2. a number that is calculated from a sample and used as an approximation for a tru
估計值
從樣本推論母體真值的統計量
a number that is calculated from a sample and used as an approximation for a true value within a larger population.
The sample provided a reliable estimate of the average income in the region.
這個樣本提供了該地區平均收入的可靠估計值。
estimate of [parameter]: technical collocation in statistics
Using data from a thousand patients, researchers calculated an estimate of the average recovery time after surgery.
研究人員利用一千名病患的數據，計算出術後平均恢復時間的估計值。
estimate of [parameter] from [data source]: research context
The election poll gave a statistical estimate of the candidate's support with a margin of error of three percent.
這次選舉民調提供了該候選人支持度的統計估計值，誤差範圍為百分之三。
- statistic
broader term that can refer to any numerical data; 'estimate' specifically implies approximation
文法句型
estimate of + noun (parameter/population mean)
用法筆記
This is a technical term used mainly in statistics, data science, and academic research. Learners studying these fields will encounter it in textbooks and papers. In everyday English, sense 1 is far more common.
3. a written document or spoken statement that tells a customer the likely price of
估價單；報價
施工或服務前提供給客戶的費用預估單
a written document or spoken statement that tells a customer the likely price of a job or service before it is done.
The builder gave us a written estimate for replacing the roof of the house.
建築商給了我們一份更換屋頂的書面估價單。
give + a written estimate + for + [work]: typical business transaction
Always get three estimates before hiring a contractor to install a new kitchen.
聘請承包商安裝新廚房之前，務必先取得三份估價單。
The estimate included the cost of materials but not the labour charges.
這份估價單包含材料費用，但不包含人工費用。
Omar's estimate for fixing the leaking roof was much lower than the other two we received.
Omar 修理漏水屋頂的報價比我們收到的另外兩份都低很多。
文法句型
get an estimate
provide an estimate
estimate for + noun/gerund
用法筆記
In this sense, an 'estimate' is typically free and non-binding. A 'quote' or 'quotation' is more likely to be a fixed price. In American English, 'estimate' and 'quote' are sometimes used interchangeably in casual conversation.
常見錯誤
4. a personal opinion or view about what someone or something is like, often based
評價；看法
對人或事物的性質或特質所持的意見
a personal opinion or view about what someone or something is like, often based on limited information.
The manager's estimate of the new employee's abilities turned out to be completely wrong.
經理對新進員工能力的評價後來被證明完全錯誤。
one's estimate of [someone/something's abilities/character]: opinion-based pattern
In her estimate, the movie was too long and the ending was disappointing.
在她看來，這部電影太長了，結局也令人失望。
in + possessive pronoun + estimate: fixed phrase for stating a personal view
What is your honest estimate of the chances that the plan will succeed?
你老實說，你對這個計畫成功的可能性有何看法？
My estimate of his character improved greatly after he volunteered to help the team.
在他自願幫助團隊之後，我對他人品的看法大大改善了。
- opinion
more general; 'estimate' suggests a more reasoned assessment
- assessment
more formal and systematic
- evaluation
focuses on judging quality or value
文法句型
one's estimate of + noun/pronoun
5. the act or process of professionally deciding how much something is worth, focus
估價；鑑價
正式評估物品價值的過程或行為
the act or process of professionally deciding how much something is worth, focusing on the work of examining and appraising rather than on the final number.
The estimate of the estate took the lawyers several weeks to complete.
這筆遺產的鑑價花了律師們好幾週的時間。
estimate of [estate/property/assets]: the process of valuation
A professional estimate is required before the insurance company will approve the claim.
保險公司核准理賠之前，需要一份專業估價報告。
The jeweller's estimate of the diamond ring was much higher than we expected.
珠寶商對這枚鑽戒的估價遠高於我們的預期。
文法句型
the estimate of + noun
for + [purpose] estimate
用法筆記
Test which sense you need: if you can replace 'estimate' with 'appraisal process' or 'act of valuing' without changing the meaning, you are using noun/5. If you can replace it with 'approximate number', you need noun/1 instead. For example: 'The estimate of the estate took weeks' → 'The act of valuing the estate took weeks' (noun/5). 'The estimate was $500,000' → 'The approximate number was $500,000' (noun/1).