incommutable
incommutable — 形容詞
- incommutablepositive
- more incommutablecomparative
- most incommutablesuperlative
1. Describes a right, duty, payment, or penalty that cannot be exchanged, transferr
不可轉換
無法被交換或轉讓的
Describes a right, duty, payment, or penalty that cannot be exchanged, transferred, or converted into an equivalent alternative — for example, a prison sentence that cannot be commuted to community service, or a pension that cannot be taken as a lump sum.
Judge Marta ruled that the five-year sentence was incommutable and could not be reduced to community service.
Marta 法官裁定，五年有期徒刑是不可轉換的，不得減為社區服務。
be incommutable (sentence cannot be commuted)
The scholarship offered by the Watanabe Foundation was incommutable, so Mayumi could not transfer it to another university.
渡邊基金會提供的獎學金是不可轉換的，所以 Mayumi 無法將它轉到另一所大學。
incommutable + scholarship (cannot be transferred)
The contract stated that Ignacio's pension rights were incommutable and could not be exchanged for a lump sum.
合約規定 Ignacio 的退休金權利是不可轉換的，不得換成一筆一次給付金。
The terms of the original contract were incommutable, so Roya could not renegotiate them.
原始合約的條款是不可轉換的，所以 Roya 無法重新談判。
- immutable
broader; describes anything that never changes, not just things that cannot be exchanged
- unalterable
more common; focuses on inability to change rather than inability to exchange
- commutable
the direct opposite; able to be exchanged or changed
- changeable
general term for anything that can become different
文法句型
incommutable + noun
be incommutable
用法筆記
Frequently used in legal or formal contexts to describe rights, obligations, or conditions that are fixed by a higher authority.
常見錯誤
2. Used to describe two or more things that are so different in nature, value, or f
不可互換
無法相互替代的
Used to describe two or more things that are so different in nature, value, or function that one cannot replace the other.
Ritu realized that the spare parts for her Japanese car were incommutable with parts from the European model.
Ritu 發現她日本車的備用零件與歐洲車款的零件是不可互換的。
incommutable with + noun (parts cannot be swapped)
The two dialects are incommutable in legal documents, so Emre's translator kept each one separate.
這兩種地方方言在法律文件中是不可互換的，所以 Emre 的翻譯人員必須將兩者區分開來。
incommutable in + noun (register-specific non-substitutability)
Hana discovered that a cash payment and an equivalent amount of stock options were incommutable for tax purposes.
Hana 發現一筆現金付款與等值的股票選擇權在稅務上是不可互換的。
Dr. Niran's study showed that the two enzymes were incommutable in digestion, each breaking down a different kind of food.
Niran 博士的研究顯示，這兩種酵素在消化過程中是不可互換的，每一種分解不同類的食物。
The village council ruled that the two fishing rights were incommutable because they belonged to different coastal communities.
村莊委員會裁定，這兩項漁權是不可互換的，因為它們屬於不同的沿海社區。
- non-interchangeable
more transparent in meaning but less common in formal prose
- irreplaceable
closer in meaning but implies unique value, not just inability to swap
- distinct
much more common; describes things as different without specifying exchange
- interchangeable
the direct opposite; able to be substituted for one another
- substitutable
technical term for things that can replace each other
文法句型
be incommutable (between two things)
incommutable + noun
用法筆記
Subject is typically two or more items being compared. The items are usually contrasted by type, origin, or function.
常見錯誤
3. Describes a rule, condition, schedule, or legal status that is permanently set a
不可改變
無法被更改或撤銷的
Describes a rule, condition, schedule, or legal status that is permanently set and cannot be altered, overridden, or adjusted by any person or process — for example, a statutory deadline that cannot be extended, or a heritage restriction that cannot be waived.
The race cutoff was incommutable, and Tomás had to finish by noon or get no medal.
比賽的截止時間是不可改變的，Tomás 必須在中午前完成，否則拿不到獎牌。
be incommutable (time limits cannot be changed)
Kabir faced an incommutable tax-filing deadline that the revenue office refused to extend even after the flood.
Kabir 面對一個不可改變的報稅截止日期，即使發生水災，稅務局也拒絕延長。
incommutable + deadline (cannot be extended)
Lotte considered her move to Akita for graduate school to be incommutable, so she stopped applying elsewhere.
Lotte 認為她搬到秋田讀研究所的決定是不可改變的，因此她不再申請其他地方。
Asher discovered that the building's original nineteenth-century floor plan was incommutable because of strict heritage protection laws.
Asher 發現這棟建築原始的十九世紀平面圖因嚴格的文物保護法而不可改變。
Imani understood that the stock vesting schedule was incommutable and could not be accelerated.
Imani 明白股票歸屬時間表是不可改變的，無法加速。
- immutable
more common in scientific and philosophical writing
- unalterable
slightly less formal; common in everyday contexts
- fixed
the most common alternative; used in a wide range of registers
- changeable
general opposite; able to become different
- mutable
formal opposite; capable of being changed
文法句型
be incommutable
incommutable + noun
用法筆記
Unlike 'immutable' which often describes laws of nature or abstract truths, this sense is used for concrete rules, deadlines, and personal decisions that are firmly fixed.