irradiated
irradiated — 形容詞
1. describes food, medical supplies, or other materials that have been deliberately
輻照
經放射線照射處理的
describes food, medical supplies, or other materials that have been deliberately exposed to controlled radiation, usually to kill germs, preserve freshness, or sterilize equipment
Some supermarkets in Japan sell irradiated potatoes to keep them from sprouting during storage.
日本有些超市販售輻照馬鈴薯，以防止它們在存放期間發芽。
collocation: irradiated + food type (potatoes)
The hospital orders irradiated blood for patients whose immune systems are very weak.
這家醫院為免疫系統非常薄弱的患者訂購輻照血液。
domain: medical use of irradiated blood products
Irradiated strawberries stay fresh longer than untreated ones, which helps reduce food waste.
經過輻照處理的草莓比未處理的草莓保鮮更久，有助於減少食物浪費。
- radiated
less common as an adjective; can mean shaped like spokes rather than treated
- sterilized
narrower — focuses on germ-killing, not preservation or other effects
文法句型
irradiated + noun
用法筆記
The noun being described must be something deliberately treated with radiation in a controlled process — not naturally exposed (use 'exposed to radiation' for accidental or natural exposure).
常見錯誤
irradiated — 動詞
1. to treat an object, substance, or part of the body with a controlled amount of r
照射
用放射線處理
to treat an object, substance, or part of the body with a controlled amount of radiation — used, for example, to destroy cancer cells, kill bacteria in food, or alter the properties of materials in a laboratory
Doctors irradiated the tumor with a focused beam of high-energy X-rays over six weeks.
醫生對腫瘤進行了為期六週的高能量X光聚焦照射治療。
passive pattern: irradiate a tumor with + radiation type
The food safety team irradiated the imported spice mix to eliminate any harmful bacteria.
食品安全團隊對進口香料進行輻射照射，以消滅任何有害細菌。
purpose: to eliminate bacteria (food safety)
Japanese researchers irradiated a ceramic sample with neutrons to test how its structure changed under extreme conditions.
日本研究人員用中子照射一個陶瓷樣本，測試其在極端條件下的結構變化。
- treat (with radiation)
broader; does not specify the method
- expose (to radiation)
less controlled; can describe accidental exposure
- sterilize
narrower — implies killing microorganisms as the goal
文法句型
irradiate + noun phrase (object)
be irradiated with + gamma rays / X-rays / electrons
用法筆記
Often appears in passive voice (e.g., 'the samples were irradiated'). The agent is typically a person or institution; the instrument is named with 'with' (e.g., 'irradiated with gamma rays').
常見錯誤
2. to shine light directly onto something so that it becomes clearly visible, often
照亮
以光線照耀；照明
to shine light directly onto something so that it becomes clearly visible, often creating a striking visual effect — used mainly in descriptive or literary writing
Morning sunlight irradiated the valley, turning the mist into a golden haze.
晨光照亮了山谷，將霧氣化為金色的薄紗。
literary: natural light (sunlight) as subject
A single kerosene lamp irradiated the narrow hallway with a soft, warm glow.
一盞煤油燈以柔和溫暖的光芒照亮了狹窄的走廊。
The full moon irradiated the surface of the lake, creating a long silver reflection.
滿月照亮了湖面，形成一道長長的銀色倒影。
- illuminate
more common in both formal and everyday writing
- light up
informal phrasal verb; suitable for conversation
- flood (with light)
emphasizes a large amount of light covering an area
文法句型
irradiate + noun phrase (what is lit)
用法筆記
Primarily found in literary or poetic writing. In everyday English, 'illuminate', 'light up', or 'flood with light' are far more common. This sense is almost never used in conversation.
常見錯誤
3. to fill someone's mind with a sudden, deep understanding or spiritual insight —
啟迪
啟發思想或靈性
to fill someone's mind with a sudden, deep understanding or spiritual insight — as if a light had been turned on inside their thoughts, especially about moral, philosophical, or religious truths
The monk's quiet teachings irradiated the students with a sense of inner peace and purpose.
僧人寧靜的教誨啟迪了學生，讓他們感受到內心的平靜與目標。
figurative: teachings as subject, mind as object
Reading the philosopher's old letters irradiated Rosa's understanding of justice and compassion.
閱讀那位哲學家的舊信箋，啟迪了Rosa 對正義與慈悲的理解。
A moment of silence in the temple irradiated Boris's mind with unexpected clarity.
在寺廟中的片刻寧靜，以意想不到的清明啟迪了Boris 的心靈。
- enlighten
more common and less formal; can be used in everyday contexts
- illuminate (figurative)
same metaphor but more widely used
- inspire
broader; can mean motivating action, not just understanding
文法句型
irradiate + noun phrase (mind / soul / understanding)
用法筆記
Fully figurative — the subject is always an idea, experience, teaching, or practice, never a person directly. The object is typically an abstract noun like 'mind', 'soul', 'understanding', or 'spirit'.