lemma
/ˈlemə/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈlemə/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈle-mə/ (ame, mw)
lemma — 名詞
- lemmasingular
- lemmataplural
1. the simplest grammatical version of a word chosen as the main heading in a dicti
詞目
詞典中以原形呈現的條目
the simplest grammatical version of a word chosen as the main heading in a dictionary, representing all its other forms such as the past tense or the plural
The dictionary entry for the lemma 'run' covers more than fifty different meanings.
詞目 "run" 的詞典條目涵蓋了五十多種不同的意思。
lemma as dictionary headword covering all related forms
In an English dictionary, the lemma 'go' stands for forms like 'goes', 'went', and 'going'.
在英文字典中，詞目 "go" 代表 "goes"、"went" 和 "going" 等形式。
Sophia checked the lemma 'see' and found all its verb tenses listed in the dictionary.
Sophia 查了字典中 "see" 這個詞目，發現下列列出了所有動詞時態。
The editor told the team that every lemma should show its derived forms.
編輯告訴團隊，每個詞目都應列出其派生形式。
For irregular verbs, knowing the lemma alone is not enough to guess the past-tense form.
對於不規則動詞，光知道詞目並不足以猜出過去式的形式。
- headword
the word placed at the start of a dictionary entry; 'lemma' is more common in academic linguistics
- citation form
the grammatical base form used to represent all variants; interchangeable with 'lemma' in morphology
- entry word
informal term for the word being defined in a dictionary; less technical than 'lemma'
文法句型
the lemma [word]
lemma of [word]
用法筆記
The lemma is always the uninflected base form of a word. This sense is the standard one in lexicography and corpus linguistics.
常見錯誤
2. a statement in mathematics or logic that is proved to be true and then used as a
引理
數學或邏輯中輔助證明的命題
a statement in mathematics or logic that is proved to be true and then used as a stepping stone in proving a larger or more important theorem
The mathematician proved a lemma about prime numbers before moving on to the main theorem.
那位數學家在進入主要定理之前，先證明了一個關於質數的引理。
lemma as proof step toward a theorem
Vikram used a well-known lemma to check the logic in his geometry assignment.
Vikram 用一個著名的引理來檢查他幾何作業中的邏輯。
This lemma appears early in the textbook as a foundation for later proofs.
這個引理出現在教科書的前面章節，作為後續證明的基礎。
Without the supporting lemma, the central argument of the paper would lose its foundation.
少了這個輔助引理，論文的中心論證就會失去依據。
The students learned how a single clever lemma can make a difficult proof much simpler.
學生們學到了一個巧妙的引理如何能讓一個困難的證明變得簡單許多。
- proposition
any statement that can be true or false; a lemma is a specific type of proposition used as a proof step
- theorem
a major result that is the goal of a proof; a lemma is usually a smaller helper step toward a theorem
- axiom
a statement accepted as true without requiring proof; a lemma must be proved
- corollary
a result that follows directly from a proved theorem; a lemma leads toward a theorem rather than following from it
文法句型
lemma + about + noun phrase
lemma + in + noun phrase
prove a lemma
lemma + that-clause
用法筆記
Distinguish from 'theorem' (a major result that the proof aims to establish) and 'axiom' (a starting assumption taken as true without proof). A lemma is typically a helper result that is proved and then reused.
常見錯誤
3. the main theme, argument, or subject that a written work explores, sometimes ind
主題；標題
文章或作品的主旨或標題
the main theme, argument, or subject that a written work explores, sometimes indicated by a heading or title at the start
The lemma of the essay was stated clearly in the opening paragraph.
這篇文章的主題在開頭段落就已經清楚說明了。
lemma as stated theme of a written work
Mira could not follow the article because its lemma was confusing and poorly explained.
Mira 看不懂那篇文章，因為它的主題模糊不清又解釋得很差。
Old manuscripts often begin with a lemma that announces the subject of the text.
古老的手稿經常以宣告文本主題的標題開頭。
The scholar argued that the lemma of the poem was about lost love, not war.
那位學者認為這首詩的主題是關於失去的愛情，而不是戰爭。
文法句型
the lemma of + noun phrase
用法筆記
Archaic or formal register. This sense is common in literary criticism and manuscript studies. Distinguish from sense 1 (DICTIONARY HEADWORD): sense 3 refers to the theme or subject itself, not to a word's base dictionary form.