nominally
nominally — 副詞
1. according to what is officially said or written, even though the real situation
名義上
表面上、官方說法上，但實際並非如此
according to what is officially said or written, even though the real situation is different
Christopher is nominally the manager, but his assistant makes every real decision.
Christopher 名義上是經理，但實際的決定都由他的助理在做。
nominally + noun role: title held only on paper
The island stayed nominally independent while a foreign army controlled its ports.
這座島名義上獨立，實際上港口卻由外國軍隊控制。
nominally + adjective: status differs from reality
At the hospital, the two wards are nominally separate, yet they share one nursing team.
在這間醫院裡，這兩個病房名義上是分開的，卻共用同一組護理人員。
The factory was nominally owned by the workers, though the bank held all the power.
這間工廠名義上歸工人所有，實際上所有權力都握在銀行手裡。
Yasmin remains nominally in charge, but the day-to-day work has passed to her deputy.
Yasmin 名義上仍是負責人，但日常工作已經交給她的副手了。
- officially
states what records say, but without the strong hint that reality differs
- supposedly
casts doubt on a claim generally, not specifically a name-versus-fact gap
- theoretically
contrasts an idea with practice, but lacks the 'on paper' sense of a formal title
- actually
points to the real situation rather than the official one
- effectively
describes how things really work in practice
文法句型
nominally + adjective
nominally + past participle
用法筆記
Almost always sets up a contrast: a clause with 'but', 'though', or 'yet' usually states the real situation that differs from the official one. Modifies an adjective, participle, or role noun rather than a full verb.
常見錯誤
nominally — 形容詞
1. having a stated title or role but not the real power or duties that usually come
名義上的
只掛名、有頭銜卻無實權的
having a stated title or role but not the real power or duties that usually come with it
The queen is the nominal head of state, but elected ministers run the country.
女王是名義上的國家元首，但國家其實是由民選部長在治理。
nominal + role noun: title without real power
Hui became the nominal leader of the group, while older members decided everything.
Hui 成了這個團體名義上的領袖，真正做決定的卻是資深成員。
As the nominal owner, Felix signed the papers but never visited the farm once.
身為名義上的所有人，Felix 簽了文件，卻從沒去過那座農場一次。
The two bakeries formed a nominal partnership, but only the older shop ever baked any bread.
這兩家麵包店結成名義上的合夥關係，但實際上只有那家比較老的店在烤麵包。
- titular
very close, but stresses the title itself; often used of formal heads of state
- official
states the recognised role without implying reality differs
- ostensible
stresses appearance versus hidden truth more broadly
文法句型
nominal + noun
用法筆記
Used attributively before a role noun (head, leader, owner, partner). Distinguish from sense 2: this sense is about authority that exists only on paper, not about a small amount.
常見錯誤
2. so small in amount that it is hardly worth counting, often charged only as a tok
象徵性的
金額極小、僅象徵性收取的
so small in amount that it is hardly worth counting, often charged only as a token
The museum lets students in for a nominal fee of one dollar.
這間博物館只收象徵性的一美元入場費，就讓學生進場。
nominal + fee: token amount
Shanti rented the cottage for a nominal sum because the owner was her uncle.
Shanti 用很低的租金租下那間小屋，因為屋主是她的舅舅。
Volunteers receive only a nominal payment to cover their bus fares.
志工只領到一點點津貼，剛好夠付他們的公車錢。
The charity sold the old chairs for a nominal price to local families.
這家慈善機構以極低的價格把舊椅子賣給當地家庭。
- substantial
large enough to matter
- considerable
noticeably large in amount
文法句型
nominal + amount noun
用法筆記
Object is almost always a money word (fee, sum, charge, price, payment). Distinguish from sense 1: here the word means 'tiny', not 'in title only'.
常見錯誤
3. being the size or value that is written down or planned, which may differ slight
標稱的
標示或設定的尺寸值，與實測略有出入
being the size or value that is written down or planned, which may differ slightly from the measured one
The pipe has a nominal width of two centimetres, though it measures a little less.
這根管子的標稱寬度是兩公分，不過實際量起來略小一些。
nominal + size: stated value, not exact
Mert ordered planks with a nominal length of three metres for the new shed.
Mert 訂購了標稱長度三公尺的木板，要拿來蓋新的小屋。
The battery's nominal voltage is twelve volts, but it drops as the charge fades.
這顆電池的標稱電壓是十二伏特，但電量變少時電壓就會下降。
On site, the bricklayer worked to the nominal size of each brick, not its slightly smaller real one.
在工地上，這位砌磚工依照每塊磚的標稱尺寸施工，而不是略小一點的實際尺寸。
- stated
the figure given on the label, plain and neutral
- rated
technical; the value the maker assigns to a product
- approximate
near the real value, but does not stress the 'on the label' idea
文法句型
nominal + measurement noun
用法筆記
Common in engineering and trade contexts, where a stated 'nominal' figure is the label, and the real measurement is close but not identical. Object is a measurement noun (size, width, voltage, length).
常見錯誤
4. to do with a name, especially listing or bearing the names of people
名冊的
與姓名有關、用來列載人名的
to do with a name, especially listing or bearing the names of people
The teacher read out the nominal roll to check which children were in class.
老師唸出點名冊上的名字，確認哪些孩子有來上課。
nominal roll: a list of people's names
Valentina drew up a nominal list so every guest could find their seat.
Valentina 列了一份名單，好讓每位賓客都能找到自己的座位。
nominal list: arranged by people's names
The hospital wing has a nominal plaque honouring the doctor who built it.
這間醫院的側翼掛了一塊牌子，紀念當年建造它的那位醫師。
Each soldier answered when the sergeant called their name on the nominal register.
點名冊上唸到名字時，每位士兵都應聲答有。
文法句型
nominal + noun
用法筆記
Rare today; mostly survives in fixed phrases like 'nominal list' (a roll of names) or when a thing bears a founder's name. Distinguish from sense 1, which is about a role without power.
nominally — 名詞
1. a word or group of words that behaves like a noun in a sentence
名詞性成分
在句中功能像名詞的詞或詞組
a word or group of words that behaves like a noun in a sentence
In grammar class, Lien learned that a whole phrase can act as a single nominal.
在文法課上，Lien 學到一整個片語可以當作單一的名詞性成分。
nominal as a grammar term
The teacher underlined each nominal so the students could spot the subjects.
老師把每個名詞性成分都畫線，好讓學生找出句子的主詞。
A nominal may be one word, like 'rain', or a longer group, like 'the falling rain'.
名詞性成分可以是一個字，例如「rain」，也可以是較長的詞組，例如「the falling rain」。
Dewi marked every nominal in the poem to study how the sentences were built.
Dewi 標出詩裡的每個名詞性成分，藉此研究這些句子是怎麼組成的。
- noun phrase
a common label for the multi-word version of the same idea
用法筆記
Specialist term used in grammar and linguistics. Refers to the function a word or phrase plays, not to a part of speech by itself.