outlier
/ˈaʊtlaɪə(r)/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈaʊtlaɪər/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈau̇t-ˌlī(-ə)r/ (ame, mw)
outlier — 名詞
- outliersingular
- outliersplural
1. someone or something whose qualities stand so far apart from everyone else in a
異類；特例
與群體大不相同的人事物
someone or something whose qualities stand so far apart from everyone else in a group that this case alone cannot show what the group is usually like.
Sari was the only painter in a family of accountants, an outlier among her relatives.
Sari 是會計師家族中唯一的畫家，是親戚當中的異類。
an outlier among [group] for a person whose traits differ from the rest
Among the small village shops, the new electric car factory was a clear outlier.
在這個小村莊的店舖之間，新開的電動車工廠明顯是個特例。
outlier in/among [setting] for a thing that doesn't fit the surrounding pattern
Hassan's love of opera made him an outlier in a high school where everyone listened to hip-hop.
Hassan 喜歡聽歌劇，在大家都聽嘻哈的高中裡顯得格格不入，是個異類。
The quiet town of Marwell is an outlier in a region known for noisy port cities.
在以喧鬧港口城市聞名的這個地區，安靜的 Marwell 鎮算是一個特例。
One angry review was an outlier among hundreds of happy comments about the restaurant.
在數百則餐廳好評之中，那一則憤怒的負評是個明顯的異類。
文法句型
an outlier in/among [group]
用法筆記
Subject is usually a person, organisation, place, or event whose features stand out as unusual within a larger named or implied group; often followed by 'in' or 'among' + the group.
常見錯誤
2. a place, building, or natural feature that sits well apart from the main area it
外緣地
與主要區域相距甚遠的地點
a place, building, or natural feature that sits well apart from the main area it belongs to, or that is grouped separately from a larger related body.
Noa's farm was an outlier of the village, twenty kilometres east along a dirt road.
Noa 的農場是村子的外緣地，往東二十公里、走一條土路才到。
outlier of [main place] for a location set apart from its parent area
The small temple is an outlier of the ancient city, standing alone on the next hill.
那座小廟是這座古城的孤立部分，獨自矗立在下一座山丘上。
Geologists call the lone rock formation an outlier of the larger mountain range to the north.
地質學家把那塊孤立的岩體稱為北邊大山脈的外緣部分。
That cluster of pine trees is an outlier of the main forest, separated by a wide grassland.
那一叢松樹是主要森林的外緣部分，中間隔著一大片草原。
文法句型
an outlier of [main place/body]
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1: this sense always describes a physical location or feature that is geographically separated from a larger main body, while sense 1 covers any person or thing that differs in traits from a group.
常見錯誤
3. a number or measurement within some collected data that lies much higher or lowe
離群值
資料中明顯偏離其他數值的數據
a number or measurement within some collected data that lies much higher or lower than most other values and so may not reflect the usual pattern.
Hao removed one outlier from the test scores before he calculated the class average.
Hao 在計算全班平均之前，先把考試成績中的一個離群值剔除。
remove an outlier from [data set] for handling extreme values in analysis
One bakery's daily sales were a huge outlier in the survey because of a wedding order that morning.
某家麵包店當天的銷售在這份調查中是個很大的離群值，因為早上接到一張婚禮訂單。
an outlier in [the data/survey] for a single unusually large or small value
Hamza warned the team not to draw conclusions from a single outlier in the temperature readings.
Hamza 提醒團隊不要只憑溫度紀錄中的一個離群值就下結論。
On the chart, Iris circled the one point that sat far above the rest as an obvious outlier.
在圖表上，Iris 把那個遠遠高於其他點的數據圈起來，標示為明顯的離群值。
The unusually fast runner was treated as an outlier in the study of average marathon times.
在研究平均馬拉松成績時，那位速度異常快的跑者被當作離群值處理。
- anomaly
a value that breaks the expected pattern; outlier is the standard term in statistics.
- extreme value
more technical; refers specifically to the highest or lowest measurement in a set.
文法句型
an outlier in [the data/results/sample]
用法筆記
Frequently appears with verbs like 'remove', 'exclude', 'treat as', or 'circle'; common in statistics, research, and reports. Distinguish from sense 1 by the data-set context — this sense always describes a number, score, or measurement, not a person's personality or a place.