sophistication
/səˌfɪstɪˈkeɪʃn/ (bre, ipa) · /səˌfɪstɪˈkeɪʃn/ (ame, ipa) · /sə-ˌfi-stə-ˈkā-shən/ (ame, mw)
sophistication — 名詞
1. a sign of wide experience and good education, shown by an understanding of the a
世故；涵養
對文化、社會禮儀的深刻理解
a sign of wide experience and good education, shown by an understanding of the arts, polite manners, and the ability to deal with difficult subjects.
Mei's sophistication was clear from the way she compared a French sonnet with a Song dynasty painting.
從 Mei 比較法國十四行詩與宋代繪畫的方式，就可看出她的涵養。
sophistication from cultural breadth
The ambassador's sophistication helped him move easily between formal dinners and informal talks in rural villages.
大使的世故讓他能夠從容遊走於正式晚宴與鄉村的非正式會談之間。
Chidi hoped that travelling to eight different countries would give him a taste of real sophistication.
Chidi 希望走遍八個不同的國家能讓他真正體會什麼是世故。
Fatima admired her aunt's sophistication — she always chose the right topic at dinner and put everyone at ease.
Fatima 欽佩她阿姨的涵養——阿姨總是在餐桌上選對話題，讓每個人都感到自在。
Reading widely and visiting museums are two common ways to develop sophistication.
廣泛閱讀和參觀博物館是培養涵養的兩種常見方法。
- refinement
focuses on good manners and polished taste rather than broad knowledge
- culture
more general term for the arts and customs of a society; sophistication implies polished, worldly culture
- worldliness
emphasises experience of the world rather than intellectual depth
- naivety
lack of experience and worldly knowledge
- simplicity
a plain or unpretentious quality, the opposite of polished sophistication
用法筆記
Uncountable; often used to describe a person's character, manner, or taste formed through exposure to culture and travel.
常見錯誤
2. the quality of being cleverly and complexly designed, so that a machine, system,
精密；先進
設計巧妙、技術複雜的品質
the quality of being cleverly and complexly designed, so that a machine, system, or piece of software can do difficult or delicate tasks.
The sophistication of the new microscope let scientists photograph single atoms for the first time.
新型顯微鏡的精密度讓科學家首次拍攝到單一原子的照片。
sophistication of [device] + ability to [do complex task]
Diego was impressed by the engineering sophistication behind the bridge's design — it could survive an earthquake.
Diego 對這座橋樑設計的工程精密程度印象深刻——它能夠承受地震。
The software's sophistication meant it could translate a live speech into five languages at the same time.
這套軟體的先進程度讓它能夠同時將現場演講翻譯成五種語言。
Modern cars pack a level of technological sophistication that drivers from the 1970s could never have imagined.
現代汽車搭載的技術先進程度，是1970年代的駕駛者無法想像的。
The satellite's sophistication allowed it to photograph the Earth in detail sharp enough to count cars in a parking lot.
這顆衛星的精密程度讓它能夠拍攝地球細節，清晰到可以數出停車場裡的車輛。
- complexity
neutral term for having many parts; sophistication adds the idea of clever or advanced design
- advanced design
a phrase rather than a single word; more transparent to learners
- ingenuity
focuses on cleverness and inventiveness in the design
- crudeness
a simple or rough quality, the opposite of polished engineering
- simplicity
in this context, a low level of technical development
用法筆記
Uncountable; typically describes the design of devices, instruments, or systems rather than people.