trial
/ˈtraɪəl/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈtraɪəl/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈtrī(-ə)l/ (ame, mw) · /ˈtraɪ.əl/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈtraɪ.əl/ (ame, ipa)
trial — 名詞
1. an official court proceeding in which a magistrate and often a group of jurors r
審判；審理
法院審理案件以判定罪責的程序
an official court proceeding in which a magistrate and often a group of jurors review facts and arguments to produce a verdict on an accusation or a civil dispute
Nia's trial lasted three weeks before the jury returned a verdict of not guilty.
Nia 的審判持續了三週，陪審團最終裁定無罪。
stand trial / go to trial collocations
The defendant chose to stand trial rather than accept the plea bargain offered by prosecutors.
被告選擇出庭受審，而不接受檢方提出的認罪協商。
During the murder trial, the lawyer presented forensic evidence that had not been seen before.
在謀殺案的審理過程中，律師提出了一項前所未見的鑑識證據。
The prosecution called three expert witnesses during the fraud trial to examine the financial records.
檢方在詐欺案審理中傳喚了三名專家證人來查核財務紀錄。
The judge ordered a new trial after discovering key evidence hidden from the defence.
法官發現關鍵證據被辯方隱瞞後，下令重新審理此案。
- hearing
a less formal meeting before a judge, often for preliminary matters rather than the full case
- proceedings
broader term covering all legal actions in a case, not just the trial itself
- litigation
the entire process of taking a dispute to court, not the single event of a trial
文法句型
stand trial
on trial
trial by jury
go to trial
用法筆記
Frequently used with stand, face, or go to before the noun. The uncountable form is used in fixed phrases: The case never came to trial.
常見錯誤
2. a short period or a series of actions meant to measure how well a product, servi
試驗；試用
測試效果或適用性的過程
a short period or a series of actions meant to measure how well a product, service, or person performs before a final decision is made about its use
The new cancer drug is undergoing clinical trials at three major research hospitals.
這種新的癌症藥物正在三家大型研究醫院進行臨床試驗。
clinical trial / trial period collocations
Kabir proved his design skills during a two-week trial and earned a contract at the agency.
Kabir 在兩週試用期間展現了他的設計能力，順利獲得了廣告公司的合約。
Customers can download a free thirty-day trial of the photo editing software.
客戶可以免費下載這款照片編輯軟體，試用三十天。
The car manufacturer completed road trials for its electric van, achieving four hundred kilometres per charge.
這家汽車製造商完成了電動貨車的道路測試，單次充電可行駛四百公里。
Scientists conducted a series of controlled trials to measure the vaccine's effectiveness.
科學家進行了一系列對照試驗，以評估疫苗的效果。
- test
simpler, more general word for checking something; trial suggests a more formal, structured process
- experiment
focuses on discovering new knowledge under controlled conditions; trial focuses on evaluating performance
- pilot
a small-scale preliminary study or trial run before a full launch
文法句型
clinical trial
trial period
trial run
on trial
用法筆記
Common in phrasal patterns: on trial (testing phase), trial period (limited testing time). In medical contexts, clinical trial is the standard term and implies strict regulatory oversight.
常見錯誤
3. an event where athletes compete to earn a place on a team or qualify for an impo
選拔賽
挑選運動員的比賽
an event where athletes compete to earn a place on a team or qualify for an important sports competition
Aoi impressed the swimming coach at the national trials and earned an Olympic spot.
Aoi 在全國選拔賽中表現優異，令游泳教練印象深刻，順利取得奧運代表隊資格。
trials for [competition/team] pattern
Over a hundred runners competed in the Olympic trial races for a spot on the national team.
超過一百名跑者參加了奧運選拔賽，爭奪國家代表隊的名額。
Christopher finished third in the cycling trials but made the world championship squad.
Christopher 在自行車選拔賽中獲得第三名，但仍然入選了世錦賽的最終陣容。
The rugby coach said selection for the national squad would depend on the trial matches in March.
橄欖球教練表示，國家隊的選拔將取決於三月舉行的選拔賽表現。
Elena attended the basketball trials mainly to gain experience against tough opponents.
Elena 參加了籃球選拔賽，主要是為了跟強勁對手切磋累積經驗。
- tryouts
more informal than trials; common in US school and club sports
- qualifiers
focuses on earning a place rather than being selected by a coach
文法句型
trials for [sport/team]
[sport] trials
用法筆記
Almost always in the plural (trials) when referring to the event. Typically used with the preposition for followed by the sport, team, or event name.
4. a person, event, or situation that causes difficulty, worry, or suffering, often
考驗；麻煩
造成困難或考驗耐心的人事物
a person, event, or situation that causes difficulty, worry, or suffering, often testing how much a person can accept without becoming upset
Mizuki's elderly aunt has been a real trial for the family since she moved in.
Mizuki 年邁的姑媽自從搬來同住後，對全家人來說真是一大考驗。
be a trial for [someone] — fixed collocation
The long hike through the pouring rain was a trial of everyone's patience.
在大雨中長途健行，對每個人的耐心都是一項考驗。
For Noor, managing rheumatoid arthritis while working full-time became a daily trial.
對 Noor 來說，一邊全職工作一邊對抗類風濕性關節炎是日常的考驗。
The broken lift was a particular trial for the elderly residents of the apartment block.
故障的電梯對那棟公寓的老年住戶來說格外折騰。
文法句型
be a trial for/to [someone]
a trial of [someone's patience/endurance]
用法筆記
Subject is usually a situation, a thing (the broken lift), or occasionally a person (that child). Frequently followed by of + noun phrase expressing the quality being tested (patience, endurance, faith).
5. a practice test that students take to prepare for a real, official examination,
模擬考
正式考試前的練習測驗
a practice test that students take to prepare for a real, official examination, usually held under similar conditions
The history teacher said the trial exam would help students find weak topics before the final.
歷史老師說模擬考可以幫助學生在期末考前找出自己的弱項。
trial exam / trial test — noun+noun compound
Tanvi's scores on the biology trial tests helped her focus revision on cell structure.
Tanvi 的模擬考成績幫助她針對細胞結構這個章節加強複習。
Lotte spent the weekend practising organic chemistry reactions for her trial paper.
Lotte 花了整個週末練習有機化學反應，為模擬考做準備。
The maths trial helped everyone see which topics needed more revision before May.
數學模擬考幫助大家了解哪些章節需要在五月前加強複習。
- mock exam
the more common term in British schools; trial is slightly less frequent
- practice test
standard US term; more informal
文法句型
trial exam
trial test
trial paper
用法筆記
Chiefly British English. In American English, practice test or mock exam is far more common. The noun trial is used attributively (trial exam, trial paper) rather than alone for this sense.
trial — 動詞
1. to test a product, system, or idea in a planned and organised way so that you ca
測試；試行
以正式方式測試效果
to test a product, system, or idea in a planned and organised way so that you can judge how well it works
The research team trialled the new teaching method in ten primary schools across the region.
研究團隊在該地區的十所小學試行了新的教學方法。
passive: be trialled in/at/on [location]
Engineers trialled the bridge design using computer simulations before any real construction began.
工程師在實際動工前，先用電腦模擬測試了橋樑設計。
The company trialled its delivery robot in a busy shopping centre during the Christmas season.
該公司在聖誕節期間於一家繁忙的購物中心測試了它的送貨機器人。
Doctors trialled the treatment on a small group of patients before offering it more widely.
醫生們先在一小群病人身上試驗了這種療法，然後才更廣泛地提供。
A new vaccine is being trialled in five countries to speed up the research process.
一種新疫苗同時在五個國家進行試驗，以加快研究進程。
文法句型
trial + noun phrase
be trialled on/in/at [place]
用法筆記
More common in the passive voice (is being trialled, was trialled) in scientific and technical writing. The simple past trialled has a double-l spelling in British English (trialled) but is less common in American English.
常見錯誤
trial — 形容詞
1. having to do with the formal court process where evidence is presented and a ver
庭審的
與法庭審理相關的
having to do with the formal court process where evidence is presented and a verdict is reached
The judge set the trial date for early September after the defence requested more preparation time.
法官將開庭日期定在九月初，因為辯方要求更多準備時間。
trial date / trial judge — fixed noun+noun compounds
Both sides requested a trial by jury instead of a decision by a single judge.
雙方均要求由陪審團審判，而非由法官單獨裁決。
The trial proceedings were halted when the lead prosecutor fell ill before closing arguments.
首席檢察官在結案陳詞前突然生病，庭審程序因而中斷。
The trial hearing was held behind closed doors to protect the young victim's identity.
為保護年輕受害者的身分，庭審採不公開方式進行。
Ada spent the evening reviewing trial transcripts to find inconsistencies in witness statements.
Ada 花了整個晚上查閱庭審紀錄，試圖找出證人陳述中的矛盾之處。
- judicial
broader term relating to courts and judges; trial is specific to the hearing itself
文法句型
trial + noun
用法筆記
Always used attributively before a noun. This sense does not appear in predicative position (not The judge was trial). Common compounds: trial date, trial judge, trial lawyer, trial proceedings.
2. created or carried out for a short period as a test to see if something works we
試用；試驗
為測試而做的短期安排
created or carried out for a short period as a test to see if something works well before it is used on a larger scale
The bus company introduced a trial service on the new route for three months.
這家公車公司在新路線上試辦了為期三個月的營運服務。
trial service / trial programme — attributive adjective before noun
The university gave students trial versions of the architecture software with full access for sixty days.
大學提供學生建築設計軟體的試用版本，可完整使用六十天。
The city launched a trial recycling programme in twenty neighbourhoods last spring.
該市去年春天在二十個社區啟動了一項試辦回收計畫。
Hoa signed up for a trial gym membership before committing to a full year.
Hoa 先辦了健身房的試用會員資格，然後才加入一整年。
The company offered a trial subscription that included all premium features for one month.
該公司提供了一個月的試用訂閱方案，包含所有高級功能。
- experimental
suggests scientific or innovative uncertainty; trial implies a practical evaluation
- pilot
used for small-scale projects that may expand; very similar to trial in business contexts
- provisional
temporary by default; trial implies active evaluation
- permanent
trial implies a temporary arrangement before a permanent one
文法句型
trial + noun
用法筆記
Always used attributively before a noun. Describes a temporary, provisional version or arrangement meant to be evaluated. Common in marketing and business contexts (trial offer, trial subscription).