above-ground
above-ground — 形容詞
1. resting on top of the soil, or built so that it sits in the open air rather than
地面上的
位於土壤表面、非埋於地下的
resting on top of the soil, or built so that it sits in the open air rather than buried under the earth.
Ilan filled the new above-ground pool in his backyard before the summer heat arrived.
Ilan 趕在夏季高溫來臨前，把後院新裝的地上式游泳池注滿了水。
above-ground + noun (pool sitting on the surface)
The farm stores its water in a large above-ground tank beside the red barn.
這座農場把水儲存在紅色穀倉旁一個大型的地面儲水槽裡。
above-ground + noun for built structures
Engineers chose above-ground pipes so workers could spot leaks without digging.
工程師選用地面上的管線，這樣工人不必開挖就能發現漏水。
contrast with buried/underground
The old mine kept its cables above-ground to make repairs faster and cheaper.
那座老礦坑把電纜架設在地面上，好讓維修更快也更省錢。
predicative use after 'kept'
Most of the cabling at the campsite runs above-ground along wooden posts.
營地大部分的電纜都沿著木樁鋪設在地面上。
- above-ground pool
- above-ground tank
- above-ground pipes
- above-ground cabling
- surface
used as a modifier for things sitting on top of the ground, e.g. surface pipes
- overground
British, mainly for railways and transport rather than tanks or pools
- underground
buried below the soil
- buried
covered by earth
文法句型
above-ground + noun
用法筆記
Almost always sits directly before the noun it describes (above-ground pool, above-ground tank). Distinguish from sense 2, which is about being legal and open rather than physically on the surface.
2. operating in the open and within the law, as opposed to secret or illegal activi
合法公開的
公開且合法運作、非地下祕密的
operating in the open and within the law, as opposed to secret or illegal activity that is hidden from the authorities.
After years of secret meetings, the group finally became an above-ground political party.
經過多年的祕密集會，這個團體終於成為一個公開合法的政黨。
contrast with secret/underground organisation
Folake opened an above-ground business and now pays her taxes like any other shop owner.
Folake 開了一家合法登記的店，現在跟其他店主一樣照常繳稅。
above-ground + noun (legal, registered)
The writers moved their banned magazine into above-ground bookshops once the new law passed.
新法通過後，那些作家把原本被禁的雜誌搬進了公開合法的書店販售。
legal, open distribution vs banned
Once the rebels gained power, their hidden radio station turned into an above-ground broadcaster.
反抗軍掌權後，他們原本隱密的電台變成了一家公開營運的廣播機構。
transition from hidden to open
Christopher prefers above-ground deals where every payment is recorded and easy to check.
Christopher 偏好公開合法的交易，每筆款項都有紀錄、容易查核。
- above-ground party
- above-ground business
- above-ground organisation
- legitimate
stresses being lawful and accepted, without the 'came out of hiding' nuance
- open
stresses visibility, not necessarily the legal status
- underground
secret and often illegal, hidden from authorities
- clandestine
formal; done in secret to avoid being noticed
文法句型
above-ground + noun
用法筆記
Subject is usually an organisation, business, or activity that has come out of hiding into open, legal operation. Opposite of 'underground' in its figurative sense, not its physical one.
同根字
- ground名詞A1
- underground形容詞B1
- aboveground形容詞B2