anti
anti — 形容詞
1. feeling or showing opposition to something already known from the conversation,
反對的
對某計畫、想法或團體表示反對的
feeling or showing opposition to something already known from the conversation, used alone after 'be' with no following noun.
Most of the village is firmly anti when it comes to the new highway plan.
對於這項新高速公路計畫，村裡多數人都堅決反對。
predicative: be + anti (no following noun)
Tomás used to support the merger, but after seeing the budget he is now strongly anti.
Tomás 以前支持這次合併，但看過預算後，現在強烈反對。
intensifier: strongly anti
Rashida asked his parents about the new shopping mall, and they said they were strongly anti.
Rashida 問父母對新購物中心的看法，他們說自己強烈反對。
The student newspaper sounded surprisingly anti this week about the dress code, with angry letters on every page.
本週學生報針對服裝規定的語氣特別反對，每一頁都刊著憤怒的投書。
- pro
informal opposite — in favour of something
- supportive
actively helping rather than just agreeing
文法句型
be anti
be very/strongly anti
用法筆記
Used predicatively only (after 'be', 'feel', 'sound'); never directly before a noun. Typically informal — in formal writing, prefer 'opposed' or 'against'.
常見錯誤
anti — 名詞
1. someone who works publicly to stop a plan, change, or activity from happening, e
反對者
公開反對某項計畫或運動的人
someone who works publicly to stop a plan, change, or activity from happening, especially in politics or campaigns.
Outside the town hall, the antis waved cardboard signs against the new airport.
市政廳外，反對者揮著反對新機場的紙板標語。
plural noun: the antis (a group of opponents)
Senator Hayes called the protesters a small but loud group of antis.
Hayes 參議員把那群抗議者稱為一小撮聲音很大的反對者。
Nadia has always been an anti when it comes to fox hunting in her county.
在自家郡裡的獵狐議題上，Nadia 一直都是反對的一方。
The mayor met with both the supporters and the antis before the final vote on Friday.
週五最後表決前，市長同時和支持者與反對者見了面。
文法句型
the antis
an anti of [thing]
用法筆記
Usually plural ('the antis') and refers to organised opposition rather than a private opinion. Rare in formal writing; common in news reports about campaigns and protests.
常見錯誤
anti — 介系詞
1. used directly before a noun phrase to mean 'opposed to' that specific person, gr
反對；不贊同
後接名詞片語，表示反對該特定對象
used directly before a noun phrase to mean 'opposed to' that specific person, group, or thing.
Grandpa Walter is anti every modern gadget that needs charging overnight.
Walter 爺爺反對所有需要每晚充電的現代小裝置。
anti + noun phrase (preposition use)
Many young voters in this district are loudly anti the proposed water tax.
本選區許多年輕選民大聲反對提議中的水費稅。
anti + the + specific policy
The coach is not anti video games; she just wants the team off their phones at training.
教練並不反對電玩，她只是希望球員訓練時不要滑手機。
Several teachers said they were anti the new homework policy because it gave students no free evenings.
幾位老師表示他們反對這項新作業政策，因為這讓學生晚上完全沒有休息時間。
- against
much more common; same meaning in this slot, all registers
- opposed to
formal alternative; needs 'to'
文法句型
be anti + noun
be anti + person/group
用法筆記
Used between 'be' (or similar verb) and a noun phrase: 'be anti X'. Distinguish from the adjective sense (1) which stands alone with no noun: 'They are anti' vs 'They are anti the plan.'
常見錯誤
anti — 字首
1. added to a word to form a new word meaning that someone is hostile to, or campai
反；反對
加在字前，表示敵視或反對某團體或主張
added to a word to form a new word meaning that someone is hostile to, or campaigns against, the group, belief, or person named.
The journalist called the new law deeply anti-immigrant and warned families to read it carefully.
記者形容這項新法案具有強烈反移民色彩，並提醒家庭仔細閱讀條文。
anti- + noun naming a group
Maria grew up in an anti-monarchy household where republic posters covered the kitchen walls.
Maria 在反君主制的家庭長大，廚房牆上貼滿共和派海報。
anti- + ideology
The minister denied that her speech was anti-American, despite the angry response online.
儘管網路反應憤怒，部長否認她的演說是反美言論。
Thousands of anti-war protesters marched quietly through the centre of Lisbon on Sunday.
週日數千名反戰抗議者安靜地走過里斯本市中心。
- counter-
less personal; suggests responding to rather than hating
- pro-
supports the same group or belief
文法句型
anti- + noun (group, ideology, person)
anti- + adjective
用法筆記
Almost always written with a hyphen. Distinguish from sense 2 (opposite version of) and sense 3 (preventing): this sense names a target of hostility — a group, belief, country, or activity people campaign against.
常見錯誤
2. added to a word to name a version of something that has the opposite qualities,
反；相反的
加在字前，表示同類但性質相反的版本
added to a word to name a version of something that has the opposite qualities, role, or purpose from the usual one.
Critics described the film's quiet, kind lead as a true anti-hero of modern cinema.
影評形容這部片那位安靜溫和的主角是現代電影裡真正的反英雄。
anti- + noun creates opposite-kind term
Physicists at CERN trapped a tiny cloud of antimatter for nearly twenty minutes.
歐洲核子研究組織的物理學家把一小團反物質困住將近二十分鐘。
scientific use: antimatter
Software engineers often share a list of common anti-patterns that quietly slow large projects down.
軟體工程師之間常會分享一份常見的反模式清單，這些做法會悄悄拖慢大型專案。
The party ended on a flat anti-climax when the band cancelled twenty minutes before the final song.
派對在一陣掃興的反高潮中結束，因為樂團在最後一首歌前二十分鐘臨時取消。
文法句型
anti- + noun (creates an opposite-kind noun)
用法筆記
Different from sense 1: here 'anti-' does not mean 'hostile to' but 'a reversed kind of'. An anti-hero is not someone who hates heroes; it is a hero with the opposite usual traits.
常見錯誤
3. added to a word to describe a substance, device, or action whose job is to stop,
防；抗
加在字前，表示防止、治療或抵抗該事物
added to a word to describe a substance, device, or action whose job is to stop, treat, or reduce the problem named in that word.
Dr. Sven prescribed a strong antibiotic for the painful infection in Yuki's right ear.
Sven 醫師為 Yuki 右耳那場痛苦的感染開了強效抗生素。
antibiotic: drug that fights bacteria
Before the long flight, Sofia rubbed antibacterial gel into her hands and her son's hands.
長途班機起飛前，Sofia 把抗菌凝膠抹在自己和兒子手上。
anti- + bacterial (preventing harm)
The new car has anti-lock brakes that stop the wheels skidding on icy mountain roads.
這款新車裝有防鎖死煞車，可在結冰的山路上避免輪胎打滑。
Builders sprayed an anti-rust coating on the iron beams before lifting them onto the bridge.
工人在把鐵樑吊上橋之前，先在上面噴了一層防鏽塗料。
Nurses gave the children a sweet syrup full of antiviral medicine after the outbreak.
疫情爆發後，護理師讓孩子們服用一種含抗病毒藥物的甜糖漿。
- counter-
shares 'blocking' meaning in some pairs (counter-attack)
文法句型
anti- + noun (the harm being blocked)
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1 (hostile to a group) and sense 2 (opposite kind of): this sense pairs with names of problems (rust, bacteria, viruses, theft, freeze) to name the cure or guard.