bibliographical
bibliographical — 形容詞
1. Relating to the list of books, articles, and other materials that a writer has u
參考書目的
與論文或書籍的文獻清單有關的
Relating to the list of books, articles, and other materials that a writer has used to produce their work or that exist about a specific subject or author.
Li checked the bibliographical references at the end of the article before starting the research.
Li 在開始研究之前，先查看了文章末尾的參考書目資料。
bibliographical references
The professor asked every student to include complete bibliographical information for each source they used.
教授要求每位學生為每個使用的資料來源提供完整的參考書目資訊。
bibliographical information
Sofia found the bibliographical notes extremely helpful when searching for related studies on climate change.
Sofia 發現參考書目筆記對於搜尋氣候變遷的相關研究非常有幫助。
Noah spent the entire afternoon compiling the bibliographical entries for his history essay.
Noah 花了整個下午整理歷史論文的參考書目條目。
An online database stores bibliographical data for every thesis written at the university since 1990.
一個線上資料庫儲存了該大學自 1990 年以來每篇論文的參考書目資料。
- bibliographic
Interchangeable in most contexts; 'bibliographic' is slightly shorter and more common in computing/technical usage.
- reference
Used as a noun or adjective to describe sources cited in a text, but narrower in scope — 'reference' does not cover the entire field of bibliography.
用法筆記
Frequently used as an attributive adjective before nouns such as 'reference,' 'information,' 'data,' 'notes,' and 'entry.' This is the most common sense of the word in academic writing.
常見錯誤
2. Relating to libraries, their collections, and the systems they use to organise a
書目的
與圖書館的書目系統及服務有關的
Relating to libraries, their collections, and the systems they use to organise and provide access to books and information.
Kavya works in the university library's bibliographical services department.
Kavya 在大學圖書館的書目服務部門工作。
bibliographical services
The library's computerised bibliographical system lets users search for books by author, title, or subject.
圖書館的電腦化書目系統讓使用者可以依作者、書名或主題搜尋書籍。
Fernando used the library's bibliographical tools to locate rare 19th-century medical journals.
Fernando 利用圖書館的書目工具來尋找十九世紀的稀有醫學期刊。
Librarians updated the online bibliographical records for the new Chinese poetry collection.
圖書館員更新了新進中文詩集的線上書目記錄。
- library
Used as an adjective ('library system'), but does not carry the specific meaning of cataloguing and organising sources.
- cataloguing
Describes the process of creating records for library materials, which is a narrower, more operational meaning.
用法筆記
This sense is less common than sense 1 and is mostly found in library science contexts. 'Bibliographic' is used interchangeably here but is slightly more frequent in modern library software documentation.
常見錯誤
bibliographical — 名詞
1. An organised list of books, articles, and other documents about a particular sub
參考書目
關於特定主題或作者的文獻清單
An organised list of books, articles, and other documents about a particular subject, written by a particular author, or referred to in a piece of writing.
Fatima included a full bibliography at the end of her research paper on renewable energy.
Fatima 在她關於再生能源的研究報告末尾附上了完整的參考書目。
full bibliography
Each chapter of the textbook ends with a detailed bibliography for further reading.
這本教科書的每個章節末尾都附有詳細的參考書目，供進一步閱讀。
Evelyn found three useful books by checking the bibliography in the first article she read.
Evelyn 查閱了第一篇論文中的參考書目，找到了三本有用的書。
Daniel added the publication dates to every entry in his annotated bibliography.
Daniel 為他註釋參考書目中的每一筆資料補上了出版年份。
The professor recommended a selected bibliography on Japanese architecture for beginners.
教授為初學者推薦了一份關於日本建築的精選參考書目。
- reference list
More specific — typically only includes works actually cited in the text, whereas a bibliography may include additional related works.
- works cited
Used especially in MLA-style academic writing; refers only to sources directly quoted or paraphrased in the text.
- sources
A more informal term for the materials consulted or cited.
文法句型
bibliography + of + [subject/topic]
用法筆記
Countable — you can say 'a bibliography' or 'bibliographies.' Often modified with adjectives such as 'full,' 'detailed,' 'selected,' 'annotated,' or 'comprehensive.' This is the most common sense of the noun in everyday academic contexts.
常見錯誤
2. The study of the history and physical features of books and other written works.
目錄學
研究書籍歷史與描述的學科
The study of the history and physical features of books and other written works.
Amara is studying bibliography as part of her degree in the history of the book.
Amara 正在攻讀書籍史學位，其中包含目錄學課程。
studying bibliography
The course covers analytical bibliography and the development of printing technology in Europe.
這門課程涵蓋分析目錄學以及印刷技術在歐洲的發展。
Raj wrote his thesis on descriptive bibliography of 17th-century English poetry collections.
Raj 的論文主題是十七世紀英語詩集的描述性目錄學。
Bibliographical research helps scholars determine which edition of a text was printed first.
目錄學研究有助於學者判斷哪個版本的作品是最早印刷的。
- book history
A broader field that includes bibliography as one of its methods.
- textual scholarship
Overlapping field that includes the study of textual transmission alongside bibliography.
用法筆記
Usually uncountable ('bibliography is…'). This sense refers to the field of study, not to a list. Distinguish from sense 1 (the list of sources).
常見錯誤
❌ 'I need to write a bibliography for my essay' (when meaning 'a list of sources'). This is correct for sense 1, not sense 1. — Sense 2 is the academic discipline, not the list.