contumacious

IPA/ˌkɒntjuˈmeɪʃəs/
IPA/ˌkɑːntuˈmeɪʃəs/

contumacious — 形容詞

  • contumaciouspositive
  • more contumaciouscomparative
  • most contumacioussuperlative

1. deliberately refusing to follow a court order or legal instruction, showing open

1.形容詞C2
釋義

抗法

藐視法律，拒絕服從法庭命令

deliberately refusing to follow a court order or legal instruction, showing open disrespect for the authority of the law.

例句

The judge held the contumacious witness in contempt for refusing to answer clearly.

法官裁定這名抗法的證人因拒絕明確作答而構成藐視法庭。

hold + contumacious + in contempt — legal collocation

A contumacious defendant who ignores court orders may face additional penalties.

無視法院命令的抗法被告，可能面臨額外的刑罰。

attributive use: contumacious defendant

常見搭配
  • contumacious conduct
  • contumacious disregard
  • contumacious refusal
  • contumacious defendant
  • contumacious witness
同義詞
  • recalcitrant

    focuses on resisting authority especially in a disciplinary context; common in both legal and workplace settings

  • defiant

    broader and less formal; can describe any open resistance without implying legal consequences

反義詞

用法筆記

Primarily used in legal proceedings; a party described as contumacious is seen as showing contempt for the court's authority, not merely failing to comply.

常見錯誤

The contumacious employee was fired for arriving late.
The contumacious employee was fired for openly defying the manager's direct orders.
contumacious implies deliberate defiance of authority, not just rule-breaking.
He was contumacious about paying his taxes on time.
The court found the taxpayer contumacious for repeatedly ignoring its summons.
in legal contexts, contumacious refers to defiance of a court's authority, not general non-compliance.

2. showing a stubborn and deliberate refusal to do what someone in a position of au

2.形容詞C1
釋義

悖逆

固執拒絕服從權威

showing a stubborn and deliberate refusal to do what someone in a position of authority tells you to do, especially when this defiance is repeated or prolonged.

例句

The headteacher suspended the contumacious student after a fifth warning.

校長在第五次警告後將這名悖逆的學生停學處分。

attributive use with institutional authority

Tunde's contumacious behaviour towards his supervisors eventually cost him the promotion.

Tunde 對上司表現出的悖逆態度，最終使他失去了升遷機會。

常見搭配
  • contumacious behaviour
  • contumacious attitude
  • contumacious student
  • contumacious refusal
同義詞
  • obstinate

    focuses on stubbornness rather than defiance of authority; can apply to non-authority situations

  • willful

    emphasises deliberate, intentional action; slightly less formal than contumacious

  • insubordinate

    specifically describes refusal to obey a superior, common in military and workplace settings

  • rebellious

    suggests active resistance against established authority; more emotional in tone

反義詞
  • obedient

    willing to do what one is told

  • docile

    easily taught or led; passive compliance

用法筆記

Highly formal; almost never used in everyday conversation. When applied to children or students, the tone is deliberately stern or literary.

常見錯誤

She was contumacious about eating vegetables.
She was contumacious about following the school dress code.
contumacious is too formal for trivial personal matters and implies defiance of an authority figure.

同根字

  • contumacy
    名詞C2
  • contumaciously
    副詞C2
  • contumaciousness
    名詞

常見搭配

名詞搭配

副詞搭配

  • contumaciously

常用片語

  • in contumacious disregard of
  • contumacious refusal to comply

介系詞搭配