fog
fog — 名詞
1. a mass of tiny water drops that sits just above the ground and stops people from
濃霧
接近地面的厚雲狀水氣
a mass of tiny water drops that sits just above the ground and stops people from seeing things that are far away.
Thick fog covered the city, so drivers could barely see the road ahead.
濃霧籠罩了城市，讓駕駛幾乎看不到前方的路面。
collocation: thick fog / dense fog
The boat could not leave the harbour because of the heavy fog that morning.
那天早上的濃霧使得船隻無法離開港灣。
Layla could barely see ten metres ahead as fog rolled across the valley.
Layla 幾乎看不到前方十公尺的地方，因為霧氣正從山谷湧來。
collocation: fog rolls in / rolls across
Fog often forms near the coast when warm damp air meets cold sea water.
當溫暖潮濕的空氣遇到冰冷的海水時，海岸附近常常會起霧。
collocation: fog forms / fog lifts
Drivers turned on their fog lights as the fog grew thicker on the highway.
高速公路上霧越來越濃，駕駛紛紛打開了霧燈。
collocation: fog lights
- thick fog
- dense fog
- heavy fog
- patchy fog
- fog lifts
- fog clears
- fog rolls in
- fog bank
- fog horn
- fog lights
文法句型
fog + verb (fog lifts/clears/rolls in)
a + adjective + fog (a thick fog, a dense fog)
用法筆記
Commonly used with adjectives like thick, dense, heavy, and patchy. The verb collocates fog lifts, fog clears, or fog rolls in describe changes in fog.
常見錯誤
2. a condition of the mind where you feel confused, cannot think properly, or strug
困惑
精神混亂、思路不清的狀態
a condition of the mind where you feel confused, cannot think properly, or struggle to grasp what is going on around you.
After the accident, Sayaka felt like she was walking around in a fog all day.
事故發生後，Sayaka 一整天都覺得自己像處於一團迷霧之中。
idiom: in a fog
The instructions used such difficult language that I was completely lost in a fog.
那份說明用字太難，讓我一頭霧水，完全聽不懂。
His mind was in a fog of exhaustion after studying for twelve hours straight.
連續苦讀了十二個小時之後，他的腦中一片疲憊的迷霧。
pattern: a fog of + abstract noun
Trying to understand the new tax rules left most people in a fog of confusion.
試圖理解新的稅務規則讓大多數人陷入了困惑的迷霧中。
- in a fog
- a fog of confusion
- a fog of exhaustion
- a fog of grief
- lost in a fog
- clarity
clearness of thought, the opposite of being in a fog
文法句型
in a fog
a fog of + noun (a fog of exhaustion / confusion)
用法筆記
Almost always used in the phrase in a fog or a fog of [something]. The something is typically an abstract noun describing the cause of confusion (exhaustion, grief, worry).
常見錯誤
3. the uncertainty and lack of clear information that soldiers and leaders experien
戰爭迷霧
戰時資訊不明所造成的混亂
the uncertainty and lack of clear information that soldiers and leaders experience during a battle or war, making it hard to know what is actually happening.
In the fog of war, commanders often make decisions based on incomplete information.
在戰爭的迷霧中，指揮官常常必須根據不完整的資訊做決策。
fixed phrase: fog of war
Historians still argue about what happened during the fog of that particular battle.
歷史學家至今仍在爭論那場戰役的迷霧中到底發生了什麼。
The fog of war can cause friendly troops to be mistaken for enemy soldiers.
戰爭的迷霧可能導致友軍部隊被誤認為敵軍。
News coming out of the war zone was unreliable because of the fog of conflict.
從戰區傳出來的新聞因為戰況不明而難以採信。
- the fog of war
- the fog of battle
- the fog of conflict
- lift the fog of war
- uncertainty
a general term; fog of war implies a military context with potentially dangerous consequences
- chaos
emphasises disorder rather than lack of information; broader in meaning
文法句型
the fog of war
the fog of + conflict-related noun
用法筆記
The phrase the fog of war is a fixed expression. It is used both in literal military contexts and metaphorically for any chaotic situation where facts are unclear.
(in) a fog
idiomin a mental state where you feel confused and unable to think or react clearly.
一頭霧水；恍惚困惑的狀態
Erik had not slept all night and spent the whole meeting in a fog.
After hearing the bad news, Anong walked home in a fog, barely noticing the rain.
fog of war
idiomthe confusion and lack of clear information that exists during a military battle, often leading to mistakes or unexpected outcomes.
戰爭迷霧
General Tendai knew that the fog of war made it impossible to predict the enemy's next move.
The documentary explored how the fog of war affected both soldiers and their families back home.
fog — 動詞
- fogpresent simple I / you / we / they
- fogs3rd person singular
- fogging-ing form
- foggedpast simple
1. to cause an issue, situation, or someone's thoughts to become less clear and mor
使混淆
讓事情或思緒變得不清楚
to cause an issue, situation, or someone's thoughts to become less clear and more difficult to understand or deal with.
All the conflicting news reports only served to fog the issue further.
那些互相矛盾的新聞報導只會讓問題更加混淆。
transitive: fog + [issue / mind / memory]
Lack of sleep can fog your judgment and make you careless at work.
睡眠不足會讓你的判斷力變得模糊，讓你工作時粗心大意。
The politician tried to fog the facts by using vague and complicated language.
那位政治人物試圖用含糊複雜的語言來混淆事實。
Sivan's memories of that night were fogged by the stress of the situation.
Sivan 對那晚的記憶因為當時的壓力而變得模糊不清。
passive: be fogged by + cause
- fog the issue
- fog someone's mind
- fog the facts
- fog someone's memory
- fog someone's judgment
- clarify
to make clear, the opposite of fogging an issue
文法句型
fog + noun phrase (fog the issue / fog someone's mind)
用法筆記
The object is typically an abstract noun: issue, facts, memory, judgment, mind. The passive form (be fogged by) is common, especially when the cause is emotional or physical stress.
常見錯誤
2. to become covered with a layer of tiny water drops so that a surface is no longe
起霧
表面因水氣凝結而變得模糊
to become covered with a layer of tiny water drops so that a surface is no longer clear to see through, or to cause this to happen.
The bathroom mirror fogged up completely after Ishaan took a long hot shower.
Ishaan 洗了很長的熱水澡之後，浴室的鏡子完全起霧了。
phrasal verb: fog up
Mateo's glasses fogged up the moment he stepped into the warm kitchen.
Mateo 一走進溫暖的廚房，眼鏡就立刻起霧了。
The windscreen of the car fogged over as the temperature dropped outside.
隨著外面氣溫下降，汽車的擋風玻璃慢慢起霧了。
phrasal verb: fog over
Her breath fogged the cold window pane as she looked out at the garden.
她看著花園時，呼出的氣息讓冷窗玻璃蒙上了一層霧氣。
transitive use: breath + fog + surface
Élise wiped the fogged-up mirror with a towel before getting dressed.
Élise 用毛巾擦了擦起霧的鏡子，然後才開始換衣服。
- fog up
- fog over
- fogged-up mirror
- glasses fog up
- windscreen fogs up
- clear
the opposite of fogging up; the glass cleared after wiping, or the mist cleared
文法句型
something fogs up/over
something fogs something (her breath fogged the glass)
用法筆記
Used both transitively (breath fogged the glass) and intransitively (the glass fogged up). The phrasal forms fog up and fog over are more common than the bare verb in everyday speech.
常見錯誤
fog up
phrasal verbto become covered with condensation so that a surface becomes difficult to see through.
起霧；蒙上一層水氣
The camera lens fogged up as soon as we entered the warm rainforest.
Andrei's glasses kept fogging up every time he wore his face mask.
fog over
phrasal verbto become gradually covered with a layer of condensation, often due to a change in temperature.
慢慢起霧；逐漸模糊
The car windscreen fogged over as the evening turned colder.
Allison's bathroom window fogged over after her long hot bath.