misconduct

/ˌmɪsˈkɒndʌkt/ (bre, ipa) · /ˌmɪsˈkɑːndʌkt/ (ame, ipa) · /ˌmis-ˈkän-(ˌ)dəkt/ (ame, mw) · /ˌmɪs.kənˈdʌkt/ (bre, ipa) · /ˌmɪs.kənˈdʌkt/ (ame, ipa)

misconduct — 名詞

  • misconductsingular
  • misconductsplural

1. wrong or dishonest actions taken by a doctor, lawyer, police officer, or other p

1.名詞C1
釋義

瀆職；失職

握有公權力者違反職業倫理的行為

wrong or dishonest actions taken by a doctor, lawyer, police officer, or other person whose job carries public trust — for example, lying to a court or sharing a patient's private records.

例句

The judge struck Officer Mert off the force for serious misconduct during the arrest.

法官因 Mert 警官在逮捕過程中的嚴重失職，將其逐出警隊。

noun phrase: serious misconduct

Dr. Shirin was suspended after the hospital board found her guilty of professional misconduct.

Shirin 醫師遭醫院董事會認定犯下專業瀆職後，被停職處分。

collocation: guilty of professional misconduct

同義詞
  • malpractice

    stronger; usually means harmful errors by a doctor or lawyer

  • wrongdoing

    broader; covers any wrong action, not only by professionals

反義詞
  • integrity

    the quality of being honest and doing the right thing in one's role

文法句型

misconduct by [person]

guilty of misconduct

用法筆記

Subject is usually a professional (doctor, lawyer, officer, official) whose role carries public trust. Distinguish from sense 5 — sense 1 ties the bad behaviour to a position of authority; sense 5 covers any kind of wrong behaviour.

常見錯誤

❌Theo's son got misconduct at school.
✅Theo's son got into trouble at school.
💡misconduct is used for adults in positions of trust, not for ordinary bad behaviour by children.

2. wrong actions in a sporting setting — for example, a player fighting an opponent

2.名詞C1
釋義

違反運動規範

球員或球隊違反體育道德的行為

wrong actions in a sporting setting — for example, a player fighting an opponent, swearing at the referee, or a team purposely breaking match rules.

例句

The striker Andrés was charged with misconduct after pushing the referee.

前鋒 Andrés 因推撞裁判，被以違反運動規範起訴。

pattern: charged with misconduct

Riverside FC was fined heavily for repeated misconduct by its fans during away matches.

Riverside FC 因球迷在客場比賽中屢次違反運動規範而被重罰。

collocation: repeated misconduct

同義詞
反義詞

文法句型

charged with misconduct

misconduct on the pitch

用法筆記

Subject is a sports team, player, coach, or fans. Often appears in phrases like 'charged with misconduct' from a governing body. Distinguish from sense 3, which is the specific in-game penalty rather than the bad behaviour itself.

3. in ice hockey, a punishment that forces a player to leave the game for ten minut

3.名詞C2
釋義

嚴重犯規處分

冰球比賽中將球員逐出場的重罰

in ice hockey, a punishment that forces a player to leave the game for ten minutes or for the rest of the match, given for very bad behaviour such as fighting or insulting an official.

例句

The defender Minho received a game misconduct after the third-period fight near the goal.

後衛 Minho 在第三節靠近球門的鬥毆事件後，遭判逐出全場的嚴重犯規處分。

noun phrase: a game misconduct

Coach Eli argued with the referee and was given a ten-minute misconduct.

Eli 教練與裁判爭執，被判十分鐘的嚴重犯規處分。

noun phrase: a ten-minute misconduct

同義詞

文法句型

a [game/ten-minute] misconduct

receive a misconduct

用法筆記

Countable in this sense, unlike senses 1, 2, 4, and 5. Almost always preceded by 'game' or 'ten-minute' to specify the length. Confined to ice hockey reporting; do not use for other sports' penalties.

常見錯誤

❌The footballer got a misconduct for the foul.
✅The footballer got a yellow card for the foul.
💡this sense is specific to ice hockey; other sports use their own penalty names.

4. the running of a company, government department, or other organisation in a care

4.名詞C1
釋義

經營不當

公司或組織遭草率或不誠實地運作

the running of a company, government department, or other organisation in a careless, dishonest, or harmful way — for example, hiding losses from investors or ignoring safety rules to save money.

例句

Shareholders sued the board over the misconduct of company funds during the merger.

股東就合併期間公司資金經營不當一事控告董事會。

pattern: misconduct of [funds/affairs]

The report blamed the disaster on years of corporate misconduct at the chemical plant.

報告將該起災難歸咎於化學廠多年的企業經營不當。

collocation: corporate misconduct

同義詞
反義詞

文法句型

misconduct of [organization]

company misconduct

用法筆記

Subject is usually an organisation, board, or set of officials, not a single private person. Often paired with 'corporate', 'financial', or with a possessive naming the body that was badly run. Distinguish from sense 1, where the focus is on a person's professional behaviour, not how a whole organisation was run.

5. wrong behaviour in general, usually done on purpose and breaking moral or social

5.名詞C1
釋義

不當行為

違反道德或社會規範的錯誤舉止

wrong behaviour in general, usually done on purpose and breaking moral or social rules — for example, harassing a colleague or stealing from a shop.

例句

The school expelled the student Sade for sexual misconduct toward a classmate.

校方因學生 Sade 對同學的性方面不當行為將他開除。

collocation: sexual misconduct

The journalist Kabir refused to ignore the misconduct he had witnessed at the rally.

記者 Kabir 拒絕忽視他在集會中親眼所見的不當行為。

pattern: ignore the misconduct

同義詞
  • wrongdoing

    very close meaning; slightly more neutral

  • transgression

    more literary; emphasises breaking a rule or moral line

反義詞

文法句型

sexual misconduct

any misconduct

用法筆記

Broader than senses 1–4: covers wrong behaviour by anyone, not only professionals, sports figures, or organisations. Often modified by 'sexual', 'moral', or 'alleged' to narrow the meaning. Distinguish from sense 1, which requires the doer to hold a position of public trust.

misconduct — 動詞