model
model — 形容詞
- modelpositive
- more modelcomparative
- most modelsuperlative
1. describing a person or thing that shows such excellent qualities that others sho
模範的
足以作為榜樣的
describing a person or thing that shows such excellent qualities that others should try to copy them.
The school presented Mizuki with an award for her model behaviour in class.
學校頒獎給 Mizuki，表揚她在課堂上模範的表現。
attributive use: model + behaviour
Asher runs a model organic farm that other farmers visit each year.
Asher 經營一間模範有機農場，每年都有其他農民前來觀摩。
The city's model transport system has reduced traffic jams by half.
該市的模範交通系統已經將交通堵塞減少了一半。
Soraya was held up as a model student by every teacher in the school.
Soraya 被校內每位老師視為模範學生。
- imperfect
suggests flaws that make imitation undesirable
文法句型
model + noun
用法筆記
Only used before a noun in this sense. Common with nouns like 'student', 'citizen', 'behaviour', 'farm', 'school'.
常見錯誤
2. made as a small copy of something bigger, often for display, study, or play.
模型的
按比例縮小製作的
made as a small copy of something bigger, often for display, study, or play.
The children spent the weekend building a model village from cardboard boxes.
孩子們花了整個週末用紙箱搭建一個模型村莊。
Niran bought a model car kit and assembled it piece by piece.
Niran 買了一組模型汽車零件，一件一件地組裝起來。
collocation: model car / model train / model plane
The architect showed Yuna a model house before the real construction started.
建築師在實際動工前，先向 Yuna 展示了一棟模型屋。
The children painted their model aeroplanes bright colours before the display.
孩子們在展示會前把模型飛機塗上鮮豔的顏色。
- miniature
can be used both as adjective and noun; slightly more technical
- scaled-down
emphasises the size reduction; more informal
文法句型
model + noun
用法筆記
Only used before a noun. Frequently combined with nouns like 'train', 'plane', 'car', 'ship', 'village', or 'house'.
model — 名詞
- modelsingular
- modelsplural
1. a person or thing that is such a good example of a particular quality or type th
典範
同類中可作為複製標準的完美典型
a person or thing that is such a good example of a particular quality or type that other things can be copied from it or compared with it.
The new library is a model of modern sustainable architecture in the region.
這座新圖書館是該地區現代永續建築的典範。
pattern: a model of + noun phrase
Renata's essay was praised as a model of clear academic writing.
Renata 的論文被譽為清晰學術寫作的典範。
Finland's education system is often described as a model for other countries to follow.
芬蘭的教育體系常被形容為其他國家可以遵循的典範。
Paloma considered her grandmother a model of patience and quiet strength.
Paloma 認為祖母是耐心與堅毅的典範。
- exception
something that does not follow the pattern
文法句型
a model of + noun
用法筆記
Often used in the pattern 'a model of + abstract noun' (e.g. efficiency, clarity, simplicity). Differs from sense 6 (ROLE MODEL) in that this sense focuses on the thing as a template or benchmark, not on inspiring imitation in people.
常見錯誤
2. someone whose work involves displaying clothing, jewellery, or other goods by we
模特兒
展示服裝、珠寶等商品的職業人士
someone whose work involves displaying clothing, jewellery, or other goods by wearing them in photographs or on a runway.
Ritu started working as a fashion model when she was eighteen years old.
Ritu 十八歲那年開始擔任時裝模特兒。
collocation: fashion model
The photographer asked the model to turn slightly toward the window light.
攝影師請模特兒稍微轉向窗邊的光線。
Nora dreams of becoming a model and walking on runways in Paris.
Nora 夢想成為模特兒，在巴黎的伸展臺上走秀。
The fashion show featured models from eight different countries this season.
這一季的時裝秀邀請了來自八個不同國家的模特兒。
- supermodel
a very famous and highly-paid model, a subset of models
- mannequin
usually refers to a dummy in a shop window, not a living person; also describes a model who poses very still
- catwalk model
specifically one who walks the runway at fashion shows
用法筆記
Can be used with specific modifiers: 'fashion model', 'runway model', 'catwalk model', 'supermodel' (a top-earning, famous model). Also used for people who pose for artists ('artist's model').
常見錯誤
3. one of several slightly different designs of a manufactured item, each identifie
型號
產品（尤指車輛、機器）的特定設計款式
one of several slightly different designs of a manufactured item, each identified by a distinct name or number — used especially for cars, computers, and other machines.
Christopher drives the latest model of electric car from that manufacturer.
Christopher 開的是那家製造商最新型的電動車。
pattern: latest model / new model / old model
The company has just released a new model laptop with a longer battery life.
該公司剛推出一款電池續航力更長的新型筆記型電腦。
Hoa compared three different models of washing machine before buying one.
Hoa 在購買洗衣機之前比較了三種不同的型號。
This phone model sold over two million units in its first month on the market.
這款手機型號上市第一個月就賣出了超過兩百萬支。
用法筆記
Commonly used with brand names: 'Toyota model', 'iPhone model', 'Dell model'. Frequently appears with 'latest', 'new', 'previous', 'current', 'basic', 'top-of-the-range'.
常見錯誤
4. a small physical copy of an object, usually built to a smaller scale than the or
縮小模型
按比例縮小的實體複製品
a small physical copy of an object, usually built to a smaller scale than the original, often for display, education, or hobby purposes.
Romi built a detailed model of the solar system for the science fair.
Romi 為了科學展覽製作了精細的太陽系模型。
pattern: a model of + concrete noun
The museum has a model showing the ancient city as it looked two thousand years ago.
博物館展示了一座古城模型，呈現它兩千年前的樣貌。
Élise spent three months constructing a model of a Japanese castle from tiny wooden pieces.
Élise 花了三個月用細小木片建造一座日本城堡的模型。
The architect placed a cardboard model of the building on the meeting-room table.
建築師把一棟紙板建築模型放在會議室的桌上。
- original
the real thing that the model copies
文法句型
model of + noun
用法筆記
Used with a wide range of materials: 'clay model', 'cardboard model', '3D-printed model', 'plastic model'. Often a hobby (model-building, model-making). Differs from sense 5 (THEORETICAL MODEL) in that this is always a physical object.
5. a simplified way of describing a system, process, or situation, often using math
模型；模式
用於理解或預測的簡化系統描述
a simplified way of describing a system, process, or situation, often using mathematics or computers, in order to understand it or predict what might happen.
Scientists used a computer model to predict the path of the hurricane.
科學家使用電腦模型來預測颶風的路徑。
collocation: computer model
The economic model suggests that prices will rise by about two percent next year.
經濟模型顯示明年物價可能會上漲約百分之二。
Harper created a mathematical model to calculate the hospital's energy usage.
Harper 建立了一個數學模型來計算醫院的能源消耗。
The climate model shows how temperatures might change over the next fifty years.
氣候模型顯示未來五十年氣溫可能如何變化。
- simulation
often a dynamic model that runs over time; more specific to computing
- framework
a broader conceptual structure; less quantitative than a model
文法句型
model of + noun
model for + noun
用法筆記
Common collocations: 'computer model', 'mathematical model', 'climate model', 'economic model', 'statistical model', 'theoretical model'. The model is an abstract representation, not a physical object (cf. sense 4).
常見錯誤
6. a person whose behaviour, character, or achievements are considered good enough
榜樣
值得他人仿效的優秀人物
a person whose behaviour, character, or achievements are considered good enough for others to try to copy.
Tamar's aunt has always been her model of courage and generosity.
Tamar 的阿姨一直是她心中勇氣與慷慨的榜樣。
pattern: someone's model of + quality
Many young athletes look up to professional players as models of success and hard work.
許多年輕運動員將職業選手視為成功與努力的榜樣。
The charity serves as a model for community-led projects across the country.
這個慈善機構是全國社區主導計畫的榜樣。
Parents are often the first models of kindness that young children observe at home.
父母往往是幼兒在家中最早觀察到的仁慈榜樣。
- role model
the more common compound; always refers to a person
- exemplar
formal; can refer to either a person or thing
- paragon
stronger; suggests perfection; somewhat literary
- bad example
someone whose behaviour should not be copied
文法句型
model for + noun
model of + noun
用法筆記
Often used in the compound 'role model'. Differs from sense 1 (PERFECT EXAMPLE) in that sense 6 focuses on imitation of character and behaviour, while sense 1 focuses on being a standard for quality in a system or category.
常見錯誤
model — 動詞
- modelpresent simple I / you / we / they
- models3rd person singular
- modeling-ing form
- modeledpast simple
1. to wear and display clothes, jewellery, or other products as a job, so that cust
擔任模特兒
穿著展示服裝等商品
to wear and display clothes, jewellery, or other products as a job, so that customers or viewers can see them in photographs, magazines, or fashion shows.
Mizuki has been modelling for a well-known fashion brand since she was sixteen.
Mizuki 從十六歲起就為一家知名時尚品牌擔任模特兒。
intransitive: model for + company
Asher modelled the new winter collection at Milan Fashion Week last year.
Asher 去年在米蘭時裝週展示了新的冬季系列。
transitive: model + clothing collection
The agency asked Folake to model a diamond necklace for the magazine cover shoot.
經紀公司請 Folake 配戴一條鑽石項鍊，為雜誌封面拍攝。
Inês started modelling part-time while she was still at university.
Inês 還在念大學時就開始兼職擔任模特兒。
文法句型
model + object (clothing)
model for + company
用法筆記
Both transitive (model clothes/a product) and intransitive (model for a company) uses are common. The subject is always a person.
2. to shape a physical copy of something using a soft material such as clay, wax, o
製作模型
用黏土等材料塑造立體複製品
to shape a physical copy of something using a soft material such as clay, wax, or wood, often at a smaller size than the original.
Renata spent the afternoon modelling a horse out of grey modelling clay.
Renata 花了整個下午用灰色黏土塑造一匹馬。
pattern: model + object + out of + material
The artist modelled a bust of the mayor for the town hall entrance.
藝術家為市政廳入口塑造了市長的半身像。
Ritu enjoys modelling miniature furniture from balsa wood for her dollhouse.
Ritu 喜歡用輕木為她的玩具屋製作迷你家具模型。
Nikos modelled a small sailboat from leftover pieces of pine wood.
Nikos 用剩餘的松木片製作了一艘小帆船模型。
文法句型
model + object (material)
model + object in/from + material
用法筆記
Frequently used with materials: 'model in clay', 'model from wood', 'model out of wax'. Closely related to sculpture. The noun form 'modelling' (UK) or 'modeling' (US) is common for this sense.
常見錯誤
3. to design or create something so that it is based on a particular example, patte
仿照
根據特定範例來設計
to design or create something so that it is based on a particular example, pattern, or system, copying its structure or style.
The new hospital was modelled on a successful healthcare design from Sweden.
這家新醫院是仿照瑞典一套成功的醫療設計建造的。
passive: be modelled on + source
Salma modelled her business plan after her father's company structure.
Salma 的事業計畫是仿照她父親的公司結構來設計的。
active: model + object + after + source
The education programme was modelled after a curriculum used in Japanese schools.
這個教育課程是仿照日本學校使用的課程設計的。
The developer modelled the new app on a popular messaging service from Asia.
開發者將這款新應用程式仿照亞洲一款熱門的通訊服務來設計。
- base on
more general; does not carry the same sense of design or craft
- pattern after
very close in meaning but more formal and less common
文法句型
be modelled on + noun
be modelled after + noun
model + on + noun
用法筆記
Commonly used in the passive voice ('be modelled on/after'). British English prefers 'modelled on', while American English uses 'modeled on' or 'modeled after'. The active voice ('model X on/after Y') also occurs but is less frequent.