rub
rub — 動詞
- rubpresent simple I / you / we / they
- rubshe / she / it
- rubbedpast simple
- rubbing-ing form
1. to press something — your fingers, a piece of fabric, or another object — agains
搓揉；摩擦
用手或布在表面上來回按壓移動
to press something — your fingers, a piece of fabric, or another object — against a surface and move it back and forth or in circles, often to clean it, dry it, apply a substance, or soothe a sore area.
Haruto rubbed his tired eyes with the back of his hand after studying all night.
Haruto 在熬夜讀書後，用手背搓了搓疲勞的眼睛。
rub + body part to relieve tiredness
The neighbour's cat rubbed against Tara's legs and purred loudly for attention.
鄰居的貓在 Tara 的腿上蹭來蹭去，大聲咕嚕討摸。
intransitive: rub against + person
Kwame rubbed sun cream onto his shoulders before heading to the beach.
Kwame 在去海灘前把防曬乳擦在肩膀上。
rub + substance + onto + body part
Élise rubbed the silver spoon with a soft cloth until it shone brightly.
Élise 用軟布擦拭銀湯匙，直到它閃閃發亮。
The rough label on Ilan's shirt rubbed against his neck and left a red mark.
Ilan 襯衫上粗糙的標籤摩擦他的脖子，留下了一道紅印。
inanimate subject causing irritation by rubbing
- rub your eyes
- rub your hands together
- rub something clean/dry
- rub sun cream / lotion / oil onto
- rub against something
- rub a sore / aching muscle
- stroke
gentle movement without pressure, typically to show affection
文法句型
rub + object
rub + object + against/on + surface
rub + object + adjective (clean/dry/smooth)
rub + object + with + substance
rub + against + surface
用法筆記
When the rubbing causes damage or pain (example 5), the verb is typically intransitive and the subject is the object causing the irritation, not the person.
常見錯誤
rub off (on)
phrasal verbto pass from one person to another through close contact or shared experience, especially attitudes, habits, or qualities.
感染；影響
After working with the patient teacher for a year, some of her calm attitude rubbed off on Mauricio.
Reuben hoped that some of the chef's cooking skills would rub off on him during the internship.
rub out
phrasal verbto remove writing or a mark from a surface by rubbing it with an eraser or a cloth.
擦掉；抹去
Nikhil tried to rub out the pencil marks, but the paper was already torn.
The teacher asked the children to rub out their mistakes and write the answers again.
rub along
phrasal verbTo manage to get along or work together without serious conflict.
勉強相處
Despite their differences, the two teams rub along quite well.
Can you rub along with your new roommate?
rub down
phrasal verbTo dry or clean something by rubbing it with a cloth.
擦乾；擦淨
After the bath, she rubbed down the dog with a towel.
The mechanic rubbed down the car's surface before painting.
rub in
phrasal verbTo apply a substance to a surface by pressing and moving it.
按摩使吸收
Rub the lotion in gently until it disappears.
The chef rubbed the spices into the meat before cooking.
rub it in
phrasal verbTo emphasize someone's mistake or failure in an unpleasant way.
反覆提及別人的失敗
I know I lost the race; you don't have to rub it in.
Why does Leo always rub it in when I make a small error?
rub off
phrasal verbTo be transferred from one person to another through close contact.
影響；感染
Her enthusiasm rubbed off on the whole team.
Some of his good habits might rub off on you.
To be extremely poor or unintelligent.
一貧如洗；愚蠢至極
After losing his job, Tom didn't have two pennies to rub together.
Maya doesn't have two brain cells to rub together, but she's kind.
To repeatedly remind someone of their past mistakes in an unkind way.
揭人瘡疤
Stop rubbing my nose in it; I already apologized for the error.
Why does Brian always rub his sister's nose in her failed exam?
To make a bad situation even worse for someone.
雪上加霜
Losing the game was bad, but his teasing rubbed salt into the wound.
When Sara lost her job, her landlord raised the rent, rubbing salt into the wound.
To meet and spend time with famous or important people.
與名人交往
At the film festival, Diego rubbed shoulders with famous directors.
Mina rubbed shoulders with celebrities at the charity gala.
To annoy or irritate someone, often unintentionally.
惹惱某人
His loud voice rubbed the librarian up the wrong way.
Aiden's jokes often rub his coworkers up the wrong way.
rub — 名詞
- rubsingular
- rubsplural
1. a short action in which you press and move your hand, a cloth, or a brush over a
擦拭；輕擦
用手或布在表面上輕壓移動的動作
a short action in which you press and move your hand, a cloth, or a brush over a surface or part of your body, especially to clean, dry, or soothe it.
Tara gave the kitchen table a quick rub with a damp cloth after dinner.
Tara 吃完晚餐後用濕布快速擦了擦廚房餐桌。
collocation: give + noun + a rub
Mauricio's mother said that a gentle rub on his back helped him fall asleep.
Mauricio 的媽媽說輕輕揉他的背可以幫助他入睡。
After the long walk, Indra gave her sore feet a firm rub with her hands.
走了很長一段路後，Indra 用手使勁揉了揉痠痛的腳。
body part + a rub to relieve pain
A quick rub of his shoes with a brush made them look almost new again.
用刷子快速刷一下鞋子，就讓它們看起來幾乎像新的一樣。
- give something a rub
- a quick rub
- a gentle / firm rub
- a rub with a cloth / brush
文法句型
give + noun + a rub
a rub + of/on/with
2. a dry blend of spices, herbs, and often sugar that you press onto the outside of
香料抹料
烹調前抹在肉類上的乾香料混合物
a dry blend of spices, herbs, and often sugar that you press onto the outside of meat, fish, or vegetables before cooking them to give extra flavour.
Karim prepared a spicy rub with paprika and garlic powder for the chicken.
Karim 用 paprika 和蒜粉調製了一種辣味抹料來烤雞肉。
The recipe called for a dry rub that included brown sugar and black pepper.
食譜要求一種包含紅糖和黑胡椒的乾抹料。
dry rub: a spice mixture without liquid
Wren bought a pre-made barbecue rub from the market for the weekend cookout.
Wren 從市場買了現成的烤肉抹料，準備週末烤肉。
Nikhil coated the pork shoulder with spice rub and left it in the fridge overnight.
Nikhil 把香料抹料塗在豬肩肉上，然後放進冰箱醃了一整晚。
collocation: coat + food + with + rub
- dry rub
- spice rub
- barbecue / BBQ rub
- apply / coat with a rub
- seasoning
broader term that includes any mixture added for flavour, not just dry ones
- marinade
a liquid mixture for soaking food, opposite of a dry rub
文法句型
spice / dry / barbecue rub
rub for + food type
用法筆記
A 'rub' is always dry (powdered or granular), unlike a 'marinade' which is a liquid. The word is most common in American and Australian barbecue cooking.
3. a hidden problem or difficulty that spoils an otherwise attractive situation or
難處；障礙
讓良好情況變得複雜的隱藏困難
a hidden problem or difficulty that spoils an otherwise attractive situation or makes something less simple than it first appears.
The job seemed perfect, but there was a rub — the salary was lower than hoped.
這份工作看似完美，但有一個問題——薪水比預期的低。
expression: there was a rub
Everyone liked the plan, but the rub came when they saw the total cost.
大家都喜歡這個計劃，但問題在於他們看到了總花費。
Christopher agreed to help, but the rub was that he expected something in return.
Christopher 答應幫忙，但問題是他期待的回報。
The apartment looked wonderful, and the rub only became clear after she signed the contract.
那間公寓看起來很棒，但問題在她簽約後才顯現出來。
the rub became clear: the problem emerged later
- there's the rub
- the rub is
- the rub became clear
- advantage
a benefit or plus point
文法句型
there's the rub
the rub is/was that...
用法筆記
This sense is almost always used in the fixed expression 'there's the rub' (from Shakespeare's Hamlet) or the pattern 'the rub is/was that...'. It is not used freely as a regular countable noun — you would not say 'there are several rubs'.
常見錯誤
to make someone's unpleasant situation or bad feeling even worse, often by reminding them of their failure or loss.
傷口上撒鹽
After losing the match, Haruto's teammates rubbed salt into the wound by laughing at his final shot.
Christopher already felt bad about failing the test, so there was no need to rub salt into the wound.
rub shoulders with
idiomto meet and spend time with someone famous, powerful, or important, usually in a social or professional setting.
和名人往來
At the film festival, Tara rubbed shoulders with several famous directors from around the world.
The conference gave young scientists a chance to rub shoulders with Nobel prize winners.
to annoy or irritate someone, often without intending to, usually because of a difference in personality or habits.
惹惱某人
Kwame's habit of arriving late for every meeting rubbed his boss up the wrong way.
Élise tried to be friendly, but her direct questions seemed to rub the manager up the wrong way.
there's the rub
idiomused to point out that the main difficulty or problem in an otherwise good situation has just been stated.
難就難在
The house has plenty of space and a lovely garden. There's the rub though — the price is far too high.
Ilan wanted to travel the world, but there's the rub: he had no money saved at all.