rut
/rʌt/ (bre, ipa) · /rʌt/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈrət/ (ame, mw)
rut — 名詞
- rutsingular
- rutsplural
1. a dull, fixed pattern of life or work that feels very hard to escape from
刻板生活
單調、固定且難以改變的生活或工作模式
a dull, fixed pattern of life or work that feels very hard to escape from
After five years in the same office, Hana felt she was stuck in a rut.
在同一個辦公室待了五年之後，Hana 覺得自己陷入了刻板生活中。
collocation: stuck in a rut
Yael decided to take up painting to escape the rut of her daily routine.
Yael 決定開始學畫畫，以擺脫日復一日的常規。
collocation: escape the rut of [something]
The team was in a rut, losing every game with the same tired tactics.
這支球隊陷入了一成不變的狀態，因為老是用同一套戰術而連連輸球。
A weekend trip to the mountains helped Ramón get out of his rut.
一趟週末的山區旅行幫助 Ramón 走出了一成不變的生活。
- adventure
implies excitement, change, and new experiences — the opposite of a fixed routine
用法筆記
Almost always found in the fixed phrases in a rut, stuck in a rut, or get into a rut. Rarely used outside these patterns for this sense.
常見錯誤
2. a long thin groove pressed into soft earth or mud by the wheel of a vehicle pass
車轍
車輪在軟地上壓出的溝痕
a long thin groove pressed into soft earth or mud by the wheel of a vehicle passing over the same spot
After the heavy rain, the cart left deep ruts across the muddy field.
大雨過後，馬車在泥濘的田裡留下了深深的車轍。
collocation: deep rut
The bicycle wheels slipped sideways into the ruts on the old dirt road.
腳踏車的輪子在舊土路的車轍裡向一旁滑去。
Farmers filled the ruts in the lane with small stones so the tractor could pass.
農夫們用小石頭填平了巷子裡的車轍，好讓拖拉機能夠通過。
The path through the forest was full of deep ruts left by logging trucks.
森林中的小徑上滿是伐木卡車留下的深深車轍。
常見錯誤
3. the time each year when adult male deer, elk, and similar animals feel a strong
發情期
雄性動物（如鹿、羊）的年度繁殖期
the time each year when adult male deer, elk, and similar animals feel a strong desire to mate and fight for access to females
In autumn, the male deer enter the rut and fight each other for mates.
秋天時，雄鹿進入發情期，互相爭鬥以取得交配權。
collocation: enter the rut
Park rangers close the forest trails during the elk rut to keep visitors safe.
護林員在麋鹿發情期間關閉森林步道，以維護遊客安全。
preposition: during the [animal] rut
Loud calls from stags during the rut echoed through the valley at dawn.
發情期間雄鹿的吼叫聲在拂曉時分迴盪在山谷中。
Wildlife photographers visit the park each autumn to film the deer during the rut.
野生動物攝影師每年秋天都到國家公園拍攝發情期的鹿群。
- mating season
a broader term covering both sexes; rut focuses on the male animal's period of heightened sexual activity
用法筆記
The noun rut in this sense is almost always used with the definite article (the rut) or a possessive (the deer's rut).
常見錯誤
4. (of a male deer, sheep, or similar animal) full of sexual energy at mating time,
發情的
雄性動物處於求偶興奮狀態
(of a male deer, sheep, or similar animal) full of sexual energy at mating time, often shown by restless or aggressive behaviour
The farmer kept the bull separate from the herd when it was in rut.
農夫在公牛發情時將牠和牛群分開飼養。
pattern: in rut (describing state of animal)
A stag in rut is dangerous and may charge at anyone who comes too close.
處於發情狀態的雄鹿很危險，可能會衝撞靠得太近的人。
The shepherds watched the rams carefully once they came into rut each autumn.
牧羊人每年秋天都會仔細觀察公羊進入發情期的狀況。
Zookeepers separate the male goats from the females when the animals are in rut.
動物園管理員在公山羊發情時將牠們和母羊分開飼養。
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 3 (BREEDING SEASON): sense 3 names the time period; this sense describes the animal's physical and behavioural state. Used only as a predicate adjective after the verb be.
rut — 動詞
- rutpresent simple I / you / we / they
- ruts3rd person singular
- rutting-ing form
- ruttedpast simple
1. (of a male deer, goat, or similar animal) to reach the yearly period when it fee
進入發情期
雄性動物進入求偶興奮狀態
(of a male deer, goat, or similar animal) to reach the yearly period when it feels a strong urge to mate and behaves restlessly or aggressively
In Yellowstone National Park, the older stags begin to rut in late August, weeks before the younger males.
在黃石國家公園，年長的雄鹿每年八月底就開始進入發情期，比年輕的公鹿早了數週。
intransitive: [animal] + rut; specific time reference
During September, the bull moose ruts and becomes very aggressive toward people who come near.
九月期間，公駝鹿進入發情期，對靠近的人變得非常具有攻擊性。
simple present for annual cycle
Male bighorn sheep rut on the mountain slopes during November each year.
大角盤羊每年十一月在山坡上進入發情期。
By mid-October, the bull elk in Jasper National Park are rutting, so rangers close the backcountry trails.
到了十月中，賈斯珀國家公園的公麋鹿開始進入發情期，管理員因此關閉了偏遠的步道。
用法筆記
Used of male ungulates only (deer, elk, moose, sheep, goats). Not used for domestic pets, birds, or humans.
2. to press grooves into the surface of soft ground or a road by the repeated movem
使形成車轍
使地面留下輪胎或車輪的溝痕
to press grooves into the surface of soft ground or a road by the repeated movement of heavy wheels
Heavy trucks rutted the dirt road so badly that cars could not drive on it.
重型卡車在泥土路上壓出了深深的車轍，導致小轎車無法行駛。
transitive: [vehicle] + rut + [surface]
The old path was deeply rutted from years of horse-drawn carts passing by.
那條舊路因為多年來馬車來往而布滿了深深的車轍。
passive: be rutted
Constant traffic had rutted the lane so deeply that rainwater pooled in the grooves.
頻繁的交通在小巷中壓出了深深的車轍，雨水積聚在溝槽裡。
The tractor rutted the wet soil, making it hard to plant seeds the next spring.
拖拉機在潮濕的土壤上壓出了車轍，使得隔年春天播種變得困難。
- furrow
more commonly used for ploughing; rutted is specific to wheel-made grooves
用法筆記
Much more common in the past-participle form rutted used as an adjective ('a deeply rutted track') than in finite verb forms. The active voice is rare.