rust
/rʌst/ (bre, ipa) · /rʌst/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈrəst/ (ame, mw)
rust — 名詞
1. the reddish, flaky coating that develops on iron and steel over time when oxygen
鐵鏽
金屬表面產生的紅褐色氧化物
the reddish, flaky coating that develops on iron and steel over time when oxygen and moisture reach the metal — it slowly eats away at the surface, leaving a brittle brown or orange layer
The old iron gate in the garden was covered in orange rust after years of rain.
花園裡的舊鐵門經過多年日曬雨淋，表面覆蓋了一層橘色的鐵鏽。
collocation: covered in rust
Mei scraped the rust off her bicycle chain with a wire brush before oiling it.
Mei 在用鋼絲刷幫腳踏車鏈條上油之前，先刮掉了上面的鐵鏽。
collocation: scrape rust off
Salt water from the sea causes rust to form much faster on metal surfaces.
海中的鹽水會導致金屬表面更快形成鐵鏽。
Omar noticed patches of rust on the steel beams of the old warehouse.
Omar 注意到舊倉庫的鋼樑上出現了一片片的鐵鏽。
A thin layer of rust had appeared on the tools that were left in the damp shed.
那些被留在潮濕棚子裡的工具上，已經出現了一層薄薄的鐵鏽。
用法筆記
Often used with verbs like 'form', 'appear', 'spread', and 'remove'. The substance itself is uncountable, so you cannot say 'a rust' — use 'a patch of rust' or 'a layer of rust' for specific instances.
常見錯誤
2. the warm, earthy reddish-brown shade that resembles iron oxide or old metal, com
鏽色；紅褐色
類似鐵鏽的紅褐色
the warm, earthy reddish-brown shade that resembles iron oxide or old metal, common in autumn leaves, fabric dyes, and paint
Fatima chose a rust-coloured scarf that matched the autumn leaves perfectly.
Fatima 選了一條鏽色的圍巾，和秋天的落葉非常相配。
compound modifier: rust-coloured
The walls of the living room were painted a warm shade of rust.
客廳的牆壁漆上了一層溫暖的鏽色。
Kenji's new jacket was a deep rust that looked great with his blue jeans.
Kenji 的新外套是深鏽色的，搭配他的藍色牛仔褲很好看。
The artist mixed red and brown to create the perfect rust tone for the sunset painting.
那位藝術家混合了紅色和棕色，調出完美的鏽色調來畫夕陽。
- reddish-brown
a more general colour description that covers rust but also many other shades
- copper
a warmer, more orange-red metallic shade, lighter than rust
用法筆記
Can be used as a noun ("a deep rust") or as a colour modifier ("rust-coloured"). As a simple colour term without -coloured, it is less common — "rust-coloured" is the more natural choice in everyday use.
3. a disease caused by a type of fungus that creates reddish-brown or orange spots
鏽病
植物葉片出現紅褐色斑點的病害
a disease caused by a type of fungus that creates reddish-brown or orange spots on the leaves and stems of plants, often damaging crops such as wheat, coffee, or roses
The farmer noticed reddish-brown spots on the wheat leaves and knew it was rust.
農夫注意到小麥葉片上出現了紅褐色的斑點，知道那是鏽病。
diagnostic symptom: reddish-brown spots
Rust spread quickly through the rose garden after several weeks of wet weather.
連續幾週潮濕的天氣過後，鏽病在玫瑰花園裡迅速蔓延。
Dr. Okafor examined the tomato plants and confirmed they were infected with rust.
Okafor 醫生檢查了番茄植株，確認它們感染了鏽病。
Gardeners treat rust on their plants by removing the affected leaves as soon as they appear.
園丁會移除受感染的葉片來治療植物上的鏽病，一發現就馬上處理。
- blight
a broader term for various plant diseases that cause damage, not limited to reddish-brown spots
- fungal infection
more general; not every fungal infection on plants produces rust-coloured spots
用法筆記
Frequently appears with the verbs 'infect' and 'treat'. The fungus spreads easily in warm, wet conditions. Different plants are affected by different types of rust fungi.
常見錯誤
rust — 動詞
- rustpresent simple I / you / we / they
- rusts3rd person singular
- rusting-ing form
- rustedpast simple
1. when metal rusts, it becomes covered with a reddish-brown substance because of r
生鏽；使…生鏽
金屬因氧化而產生紅褐色物質
when metal rusts, it becomes covered with a reddish-brown substance because of reacting with oxygen and moisture in the air; you can also rust something by causing this to happen through exposure to air and dampness
The old metal chairs in the backyard had rusted badly after two harsh winters.
後院裡的舊金屬椅經過兩個嚴酷的冬天後，已經嚴重生鏽了。
intransitive: [object] rusted + adverb
If you leave your bike out in the rain every night, the chain will rust very quickly.
如果你每晚都把腳踏車放在外面淋雨，鏈條很快就會生鏽。
Chidi used a coat of paint to prevent the garden gate from rusting any further.
Chidi 給花園大門刷了一層油漆，防止它繼續生鏽。
Rain and humidity had rusted the screws so badly that they could not be removed.
雨水和濕氣把螺絲鏽蝕得非常嚴重，根本拆不下來。
Salt on the roads during winter can rust the underside of a car within months.
冬天道路上的鹽巴可以在幾個月內就讓汽車底盤生鏽。
- protect
to prevent rust by applying paint, oil, or a coating
文法句型
something rusts
something rusts something
用法筆記
Intransitive use ("the gate rusted") is more common than transitive ("the rain rusted the gate"). The transitive pattern is used when you want to name the cause of the rust. Not used with human subjects — you cannot "rust something" intentionally the way you can "paint something".
常見錯誤
rust — 形容詞
- rustpositive
- rustercomparative
- rustestsuperlative
1. coloured in the warm reddish-brown tone of iron oxide or old metal, used for clo
鏽色的；紅褐色的
具有類似鐵鏽的紅褐色
coloured in the warm reddish-brown tone of iron oxide or old metal, used for clothing, paint colours, and autumnal scenery
Ana bought a rust-coloured dress for the autumn wedding at her cousin's farm.
Ana 買了一件鏽色的洋裝，準備參加表姊農場上的秋季婚禮。
compound modifier: rust-coloured
Wei placed two rust pillows on the grey sofa to add warmth to the room.
Wei 在灰色沙發上放了兩個鏽色抱枕，讓房間多了幾分溫暖的感覺。
bare adjective use: rust throw pillows
Hiroshi painted his front door a warm rust shade to match the brick walls.
Hiroshi 把自家大門漆成溫暖的鏽色，以搭配磚牆的顏色。
A rust sweater hung in the window of the small shop near the train station.
火車站附近那家小店鋪的櫥窗裡，掛著一件鏽色的毛衣。
Elena chose rust-coloured tiles for her kitchen because they hide dirt well.
Elena 選擇了鏽色的廚房磁磚，因為耐髒又實用。
- reddish-brown
a more general description; rust is one specific shade of reddish-brown
- copper-coloured
similar warm reddish-brown but with a more metallic, shiny quality
- terracotta
a similar earthy reddish-brown tone, slightly more orange
用法筆記
Unlike 'rusty' (which means covered in rust or damaged by rust), 'rust' as an adjective only describes colour. Saying 'a rust jacket' means the jacket is this colour, not that it is decaying.