top-down
/ˌtɒp ˈdaʊn/ (bre, ipa) · [tˈɑpdˈaʊn] /ˌtɑːp ˈdaʊn/ (ame, ipa) · [tˈɑpdˈaʊn] /ˈtäp-ˈdau̇n How to pronounce top-down (audio)/ (ame, mw)
top-down — 形容詞
1. planned or controlled by senior people, with lower-level workers or members main
由上而下的
由高層決定並往下執行的
planned or controlled by senior people, with lower-level workers or members mainly expected to follow the direction they are given.
The company used a top-down plan, so shop managers had no vote.
那家公司採用由上而下的計畫，所以各分店經理都沒有表決權。
top-down plan set by senior leaders
Nadia disliked the school's top-down rules about uniforms and phone use.
Nadia 不喜歡學校那些由上而下訂出的制服和手機規定。
After the merger, staff said the new top-down culture left little room for ideas.
併購後，員工說新的由上而下文化幾乎不留提意見的空間。
The charity moved from a top-down model to local decision-making.
那家慈善機構從由上而下的模式，改成讓地方自己做決定。
- centralized
stresses that control is kept in one main place or office
- hierarchical
emphasizes levels of authority rather than participation
- directive
focuses on giving orders from above
- bottom-up
built from ideas or decisions coming from lower levels
- participatory
allows the people affected to help decide
文法句型
top-down management
top-down decision-making
a top-down approach
用法筆記
Often modifies nouns such as management, control, reform, rules, and approach. Distinguish from sense 2: this sense is about who holds the power to decide, not about how ideas are organized.
2. starting from a broad plan or main idea, then moving step by step into smaller p
先總後分
先從整體概念再拆到細節的
starting from a broad plan or main idea, then moving step by step into smaller parts and details.
Tomás teaches grammar with a top-down method that starts from whole texts.
Tomás 用先總後分的方法教文法，先從整篇文本開始。
top-down method begins with the whole
The engineer took a top-down view before drawing the wiring for each room.
那位工程師先以先總後分的角度看整體，再畫出每個房間的配線。
Our design class uses a top-down map of the app before coding each screen.
我們的設計課會先畫出 app 的先總後分流程圖，再開始做各個畫面。
Beatrix solved the puzzle with a top-down approach, not by testing tiny parts first.
Beatrix 用先總後分的做法解那道謎題，不是先測試零碎的小部分。
- deductive
especially in reasoning or teaching, moving from a rule to specific cases
- hierarchical
can overlap in technical contexts, though it also refers to levels
- bottom-up
begins with small parts or observations and builds upward
- detail-first
plain-English contrast for working from parts before the whole
文法句型
a top-down approach
top-down design
top-down analysis
用法筆記
Usually modifies nouns such as method, approach, design, analysis, or view. Distinguish from sense 1: this sense describes how thinking or planning moves from the whole to the parts, not who has the authority.