collateral
/kəˈlætərəl/ (bre, ipa) · /kəˈlætərəl/ (ame, ipa) · /kə-ˈla-t(ə-)rəl/ (ame, mw) · /kəˈlæt.ər.əl/ (bre, ipa) · /kəˈlæt̬.ɚ.əl/ (ame, ipa)
collateral — 名詞
- collateralsingular
- collateralsplural
1. property or assets that a borrower gives to a lender as a promise to repay a loa
抵押品；擔保
借款時提供給貸款方的財產保證
property or assets that a borrower gives to a lender as a promise to repay a loan; if the borrower fails to pay, the lender can take ownership of that property.
The bank asked Diego to use his house as collateral for the business loan.
銀行要求 Diego 用他的房子作為商業貸款的擔保品。
use + [asset] + as collateral for + [loan]
Priya put up her grandmother's jewellery as collateral to secure the loan.
Priya 拿出祖母的珠寶作為擔保品來確保貸款。
put up + [asset] + as collateral
Ravi offered his delivery van as collateral for the bakery loan.
Ravi 拿出他的貨車作為麵包店貸款的擔保品。
If Kofi cannot repay the debt, the lender may seize the collateral he offered.
如果 Kofi 無法償還債務，貸款方可能會扣押他提供的擔保品。
Yara used her motor scooter as collateral for a personal loan from the credit union.
Yara 用她的機車作為擔保品，向信用合作社申請了一筆個人貸款。
文法句型
put up / use / offer + something + as collateral
常見錯誤
2. a thin offshoot running from a major vein, artery, or nerve, sometimes providing
側支血管
從主血管或神經分出的較小分支
a thin offshoot running from a major vein, artery, or nerve, sometimes providing a backup route when the main passage is blocked.
The surgeon noticed a small collateral branching off from the main artery.
外科醫生注意到有一條小側支血管從主要動脈分支出來。
collateral + branch / branching off from
When Rohan's main heart artery narrowed, tiny collaterals grew to supply blood around the blockage.
Rohan 的心臟主要動脈變窄後，細小的側支血管開始生長，繞過阻塞處供應血液。
collaterals + grow to supply blood around [blockage]
Dr. Okafor traced the nerve collateral to the patient's left hand.
Okafor 醫師追蹤那條神經側支到病人的左手。
After the main vein closed, a collateral vessel kept blood flowing to the leg.
主要靜脈閉合後，一條側支血管仍持續將血液送往腿部。
- branch
more general; 'collateral' specifically means a branch that runs alongside the main vessel
用法筆記
Usually appears in plural form 'collaterals' or the compound 'collateral vessel(s)' in medical writing. This sense is almost never used outside of medical or anatomical contexts.
collateral — 形容詞
- collateralpositive
- more collateralcomparative
- most collateralsuperlative
1. happening or existing alongside something more important, often supporting it or
次要；附加
伴隨主要事物存在但重要性較低的
happening or existing alongside something more important, often supporting it or adding to it.
Dr. Okonkwo's study examined the main effects and the collateral benefits of the asthma drug.
Okonkwo 醫師的研究分析了這種氣喘藥物的主要效果及附帶益處。
collateral + [benefit / effect / finding]
Aiko's research uncovered some collateral findings about soil quality.
Aiko 的研究發現了一些關於土壤品質的附加結果。
The hospital committee reviewed the primary costs and collateral expenses of building a new wing.
醫院委員會審查了興建新翼的主要成本和附帶支出。
Building the new school had the collateral effect of raising property values nearby.
興建新學校的附帶效應是推高了附近的房產價值。
- secondary
more general; 'collateral' carries a nuance of happening alongside rather than following in sequence
- supporting
emphasises the function of helping the main item; slightly less formal
- primary
the main or most important item
用法筆記
Often paired with 'primary' or 'main' to show contrast. The collateral item is real and present, just less important than the main one.
2. happening as an unwanted side effect of an action, especially one that causes ha
附帶；間接
因某行動而意外產生的(負面結果)
happening as an unwanted side effect of an action, especially one that causes harm or damage.
The military operation caused a great deal of collateral damage to nearby homes.
該軍事行動對附近的房屋造成了大量的附帶損害。
collateral damage — common fixed phrase
Leila's decision to quit had the collateral effect of upsetting her whole team.
Leila 辭職的決定意外地讓整個團隊感到不安。
The new motorway brought collateral noise pollution to the quiet village.
新建的高速公路為這個寧靜的村莊帶來了附帶的噪音汙染。
Yusuf worried about the collateral consequences of reporting his colleague's mistake.
Yusuf 擔心檢舉同事錯誤會引發連帶後果。
- incidental
more neutral; 'collateral' implies the side effect is unwanted, while 'incidental' can be neutral or positive
- accidental
focuses on lack of intent; 'collateral' suggests the action was intentional but the side effect was not
- intended
the planned and desired outcome
- deliberate
done on purpose, not as a side effect
用法筆記
The phrase 'collateral damage' is by far the most common expression for this sense. It originated in military language but now appears in business, politics, and everyday contexts.
常見錯誤
3. relating to property or assets that are used as a guarantee to a lender when mon
抵押；擔保
作為借款擔保品相關的
relating to property or assets that are used as a guarantee to a lender when money is borrowed.
The bank accepted her shares as collateral security for the mortgage.
銀行接受她的股票作為抵押擔保來辦理房貸。
collateral + security / agreement / loan
Tomás signed a collateral agreement that covered the full loan amount.
Tomás 簽署了一份涵蓋全部貸款金額的抵押協議。
Hana used her savings as collateral support for the business loan.
Hana 用她的儲蓄作為商業貸款的擔保支持。
The firm offered collateral assets worth over two million dollars.
該公司提供了價值超過兩百萬美元的抵押資產。
- secured
more general; 'a secured loan' means backed by collateral, but 'collateral loan' specifies the mechanism explicitly
- unsecured
a loan or debt not backed by any collateral
用法筆記
Almost always appears before a noun in compound phrases such as 'collateral loan', 'collateral security', or 'collateral agreement'. This sense is distinct from noun sense 1 (which names the property itself) because here 'collateral' describes the type of arrangement.
4. describing a blood vessel or nerve that develops alongside the main supply to cr
側支的
血管或神經在主通道旁建立的替代路徑
describing a blood vessel or nerve that develops alongside the main supply to create an alternative route, especially when the main route is blocked or narrowed.
Collateral blood vessels helped supply the heart muscle after the artery narrowed.
動脈變窄後，側支血管協助供應心臟肌肉血液。
collateral + blood vessel / artery / circulation
The patient's body developed a collateral circulation to bypass the clot.
病人的身體發展出側支循環來繞過血栓。
Regular exercise can stimulate the growth of collateral arteries in the legs.
規律運動可以刺激腿部側支動脈的生長。
Dr. Chen studied how collateral veins form around a blocked vein in the liver.
Chen 醫師研究了側支靜脈如何在肝臟阻塞處周圍形成。
- accessory
broader anatomical term; 'collateral' specifies vessels running alongside the main route
用法筆記
Almost exclusively used in medical writing as a modifier before anatomical nouns. The related noun form (sense 2, 'BLOOD VESSEL') refers to the vessel itself, while this adjective describes its function or position.
5. linked by blood through a shared family origin but not through a parent-child ch
旁系；非直系
同一祖先但非直系血親關係的
linked by blood through a shared family origin but not through a parent-child chain — for instance, a cousin or an aunt rather than a mother or grandfather.
The inheritance went to a collateral relative, a cousin twice removed.
遺產由一位旁系親屬繼承，是遠房堂兄弟。
collateral relative / heir / descendant
In Beatriz's family, collateral relatives like aunts and uncles help raise the children alongside parents.
在 Beatriz 家裡，像阿姨和叔叔這類旁系親屬會和父母一起幫忙養育孩子。
The will named both direct and collateral heirs to the estate.
遺囑中列出了直系和旁系繼承人的名字。
A collateral descendant of the poet attended the anniversary ceremony.
那位詩人的一位旁系後裔出席了週年慶典。
- indirect
broader meaning; 'collateral' is the precise legal term for non-direct-line relatives
用法筆記
This sense is most common in legal language about inheritance and family trees. A 'direct' relative is a parent, child, or grandchild; a 'collateral' relative is a sibling, cousin, aunt, or uncle.