collapsed
collapsed — 形容詞
1. describing a lung or an artery that has gone flat and no longer works correctly
塌陷的
因傷病而扁塌的肺或血管
describing a lung or an artery that has gone flat and no longer works correctly as a result of damage from sickness or an accident
The patient was rushed to hospital with a collapsed lung after the car accident.
車禍後，這名病患因肺部塌陷被緊急送醫。
collapsed + lung — medical condition
Dr. Patel told the patient that the collapsed vein in her arm would need surgery to restore blood flow.
Patel 醫師告訴病人，她手臂的靜脈塌陷需要手術才能恢復血流。
A collapsed blood vessel in Mr. Park's left leg caused serious swelling and made walking extremely painful.
Park 先生左腿的血管塌陷，造成嚴重腫脹，走路時極為疼痛。
The chest X-ray at the emergency room showed a partially collapsed lung that needed an urgent chest tube procedure.
急診室的胸部X光顯示肺部部分塌陷，需要緊急進行胸腔引流手術。
- inflated
describes an airway or vein in its normal expanded state
文法句型
collapsed + noun (lung/blood vessel)
用法筆記
This medical sense is almost always used with 'lung' or 'blood vessel'. It describes a physical state, not an action.
常見錯誤
collapsed — 名詞
1. the sudden act of a structure or object falling down or inward, usually because
倒塌；崩塌
建築物或結構體因損壞而突然倒塌
the sudden act of a structure or object falling down or inward, usually because it is no longer strong enough to support itself
The collapse of the old warehouse during the storm trapped three workers inside.
暴風雨期間舊倉庫倒塌，三名工人被困在裡面。
the collapse of + structure
Structural engineers are investigating the sudden collapse of the footbridge near Central Station.
結構工程師正在調查中央車站附近人行天橋突然倒塌的原因。
Residents heard a loud noise and then saw the collapse of the apartment building's roof.
居民聽到巨大的聲響，隨後看到公寓大樓的屋頂倒塌。
The sudden collapse of the copper mine shaft was caused by weak limestone layers deep underground.
銅礦礦井突然崩塌是由於地下深處石灰岩層脆弱所導致。
Firefighters arrived just minutes after the collapse of the burning house on Maple Avenue.
Maple Avenue 上燃燒中的房子倒塌幾分鐘後，消防人員趕到了現場。
- construction
the building-up process
- erection
formal term for putting up a structure
文法句型
the collapse of + noun
用法筆記
Used for buildings, bridges, tunnels, mines, and other physical structures. The collapse can be gradual or sudden.
2. the sudden and complete breakdown of a system, institution, or government, so th
瓦解；崩潰
體系、機構或政權的徹底崩壞
the sudden and complete breakdown of a system, institution, or government, so that it no longer functions or continues to exist
The collapse of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD marked the beginning of the Middle Ages in Europe.
西羅馬帝國於西元476年瓦解，標誌著歐洲中世紀的開端。
collapse of + institution/empire
After the collapse of the company, more than two thousand people lost their jobs.
公司倒閉之後，超過兩千人失去了工作。
International sanctions led to the collapse of the country's banking system, wiping out people's life savings.
國際制裁導致該國銀行體系崩潰，人民的畢生積蓄化為烏有。
The peace talks ended in collapse when neither side would agree to a temporary ceasefire.
由於雙方都不願意同意臨時停火，和平談判最終破裂。
Marine biologists had warned about the collapse of the Atlantic cod industry due to decades of overfishing.
海洋生物學家曾警告，數十年過度捕撈將導致大西洋鱈魚產業崩潰。
文法句型
the collapse of + organization/system
用法筆記
Often used with 'of' to specify what failed (government, empire, industry, talks). Can describe economic, political, or social failure.
常見錯誤
3. a sudden and large reduction in the price or value of stocks, property, or other
暴跌
股價或物價的突然重挫
a sudden and large reduction in the price or value of stocks, property, or other assets
Investors lost millions in the collapse of the stock market last October.
去年十月股市暴跌，投資人損失了數百萬元。
collapse of the stock market
The collapse in oil prices forced many small companies to shut down.
油價暴跌迫使許多小公司關門歇業。
collapse in + prices
Economists at the University of Chicago are studying the causes of the sudden collapse of the US housing market in 2008.
芝加哥大學的經濟學家正在研究2008年美國房市突然崩盤的原因。
Farmers faced a collapse in crop prices after the record harvest flooded the market.
創紀錄的豐收導致農作物價格暴跌，農民陷入困境。
文法句型
collapse in/of + noun (prices, markets, values)
用法筆記
Common in financial contexts with 'in' (collapse in prices/property values) or 'of' (collapse of a market/sector).
4. a state of deep exhaustion affecting a person's body or mind, typically brought
虛脫；崩潰
因過勞或壓力造成的身心極度疲憊
a state of deep exhaustion affecting a person's body or mind, typically brought on by overwork, illness, or extreme emotional strain
After working ninety-hour weeks for a month, she suffered a complete physical collapse.
連續一個月每週工作九十小時後，她完全虛脫了。
suffer a collapse — common collocation
The athlete's collapse during the final race was caused by dehydration and heatstroke.
那名運動員在決賽中虛脫，原因是脫水和中暑。
Dr. Nakamura warned that another mental collapse was likely if her patient did not reduce his stress levels and rest more.
Nakamura 醫師警告說，如果她的病人不減輕壓力並多休息，很可能再次精神崩潰。
Mei-Ling was close to a collapse after caring for her sick mother day and night for two weeks.
美玲連續兩週日夜照顧生病的母親，幾乎瀕臨崩潰。
- breakdown
more common for mental/psychological; 'collapse' suggests more sudden physical effect
- exhaustion
gradual rather than sudden; less dramatic
- prostration
formal/medical term for extreme weakness
文法句型
a/mental/physical collapse
用法筆記
Often preceded by 'suffer' or 'have'. Can be modified by 'physical', 'mental', 'nervous', or 'complete'. This is about a person's state, not a structure or system.
5. a critical medical condition in which a person becomes too weak to stand or resp
衰竭
因脫水或失血造成的危急虛弱狀態
a critical medical condition in which a person becomes too weak to stand or respond, requiring immediate medical care, typically from dehydration, blood loss, or heatstroke
The hiker was found in a state of collapse after three days without water.
那名登山者在三天沒喝水的情況下被發現時已處於衰竭狀態。
in a state of collapse — formal/medical phrase
Severe blood loss from the deep leg wound sent the car accident victim into circulatory collapse within minutes.
腿部深層傷口大量失血，使車禍傷者在幾分鐘內陷入循環衰竭。
circulatory collapse — medical term
The paramedics treated the old man for collapse brought on by extreme heat.
急救人員為那位因極度高溫而衰竭的老人進行治療。
Without immediate IV fluids, the cholera patient in the rural clinic would slip into collapse and die within hours.
如果不及時補充靜脈輸液，鄉村診所那位霍亂病人將會在幾小時內衰竭而死。
- prostration
equally formal medical term
- shock
a specific medical condition with distinct symptoms from collapse
文法句型
in a state of collapse
用法筆記
Primarily a clinical term. Not used in everyday conversation. 'In a state of collapse' describes a whole-body medical emergency.
6. a medical condition in which all or part of a lung becomes empty of air, either
肺塌陷
因受傷或手術造成的肺部扁塌
a medical condition in which all or part of a lung becomes empty of air, either due to injury or deliberately during surgery
The thoracic surgeon induced a partial collapse of the patient's left lung to perform the surgery safely.
胸腔外科醫師讓病人的左肺局部塌陷，以便安全進行手術。
induced collapse — deliberate medical procedure
Doctors told 19-year-old Hiroshi that his lung had collapsed spontaneously while he slept.
醫生告訴19歲的 Hiroshi，他的肺部在睡覺時自發性塌陷了。
spontaneous lung collapse — medical context
The chest X-ray confirmed a complete collapse of the right lung caused by the stab wound between the ribs.
胸部X光確認右肺因肋骨間的刀傷而完全塌陷。
Treatment for lung collapse usually involves inserting a tube to remove trapped air.
治療肺塌陷通常需要插入導管排出積蓄的空氣。
- atelectasis
the specific clinical term for partial lung collapse
- pneumothorax
collapse caused by air in the chest cavity
- inflation
normal air-filled state of the lung
文法句型
pulmonary collapse
collapse of the lung
用法筆記
Medical professionals often use 'atelectasis' for a partial lung collapse and 'pneumothorax' specifically when air causes the collapse. 'Collapse of the lung' is the more general term.
collapsed — 動詞
1. when a building, bridge, wall, or other upright structure falls to the ground or
倒塌；坍塌
建築物或橋樑因結構受損而倒塌
when a building, bridge, wall, or other upright structure falls to the ground or inward because its supports have failed
The old factory collapsed during the earthquake, sending dust high into the air.
地震中老舊工廠倒塌，揚起漫天灰塵。
subject: building/structure + collapse
Part of the ceiling collapsed in the kitchen, but fortunately no one was hurt.
廚房的天花板有一部分塌了下來，幸好沒有人受傷。
The bridge collapsed into the river after being weakened by years of flooding.
這座橋樑經過多年的洪水沖刷後，倒塌落入河中。
Rescue workers searched the rubble after the mine tunnels collapsed on the miners.
礦坑隧道坍塌壓住了礦工，救援人員在瓦礫中搜救。
The shed roof collapsed under the weight of the heavy snow last winter.
去年冬天厚雪的重壓下，棚屋的屋頂塌了。
文法句型
collapse (of structure)
collapse + adverb (slowly, suddenly)
用法筆記
This is the most common physical sense. The collapsing structure is the subject of the sentence. Use 'under' for the cause (weight, pressure) and 'into' for the destination.
常見錯誤
2. when a system, institution, plan, or relationship suddenly stops functioning and
瓦解；破局
體系或制度突然中止運作而瓦解
when a system, institution, plan, or relationship suddenly stops functioning and ceases to exist or operate altogether
The negotiations collapsed after the two sides failed to agree on a payment plan.
雙方未能就付款計劃達成協議，談判因此破裂。
negotiations/talks + collapse
Sofia and Miguel’s marriage collapsed when they discovered they wanted very different things from life.
蘇菲亞和米格爾發現彼此對人生的期望截然不同之後，婚姻破裂了。
The government collapsed after the finance minister resigned and took three other ministers with him.
財政部長辭職並帶走了另外三位部長，政府因而垮臺。
Our holiday plans collapsed when the airline cancelled all flights to the island.
航空公司取消了所有飛往該島的航班，我們的度假計劃泡湯了。
The company's supply chain collapsed after the port workers went on strike.
碼頭工人罷工後，該公司的供應鏈完全崩潰。
- fall apart
more informal; similar meaning
- break down
can be partial; 'collapse' suggests total failure
- disintegrate
suggests breaking into pieces; more dramatic
文法句型
collapse (of system/plan/relationship)
用法筆記
Used metaphorically for anything abstract that can 'fall apart': plans, relationships, governments, systems. The subject is always an abstract concept or collective entity.
3. when a horizontal surface such as the ground, a floor, or a ceiling gives way an
下陷；塌陷
平面表面向下塌陷形成坑洞
when a horizontal surface such as the ground, a floor, or a ceiling gives way and drops inward, often creating a hole or empty space below
The ground collapsed beneath their feet, revealing a hidden cave system.
他們腳下的地面塌陷了，露出一個隱藏的地穴系統。
ground/floor + collapses beneath/under
Part of the sidewalk collapsed into a hole left by a broken water pipe.
人行道的一部分因水管破裂造成的地下坑洞而塌陷。
The wooden floor of the old barn finally collapsed under the weight of the stored hay.
舊穀倉的木地板最終承受不住儲存乾草的重壓而塌陷。
During the mining accident, the tunnel ceiling collapsed and blocked the exit.
礦難發生時，隧道頂部塌陷堵住了出口。
- hold firm
support without failing
文法句型
collapse (of ground/floor/ceiling)
用法筆記
Closely related to sense 1 (structural fall), but specifically about surfaces giving way to reveal or create a cavity underneath. Often used with 'beneath', 'under', or 'into'.
4. when a price, value, market, or argument drops sharply to a much lower level or
暴跌；破滅
價格或論點急遽走低不再成立
when a price, value, market, or argument drops sharply to a much lower level or becomes logically unsupportable
The company's share price collapsed after the scandal was reported in the news.
醜聞見報後，該公司的股價暴跌。
price/value + collapses — financial context
The prosecution's case collapsed when the main witness admitted she had lied.
主要證人承認說謊之後，檢方的指控不攻自破。
Property values in the area collapsed when the factory closed and people moved away.
工廠關閉、居民搬離之後，該地區的房價暴跌。
Professor Okafor’s argument collapses as soon as you look at the actual data from the survey.
只要看一下實際的調查數據，Okafor 教授的論點就站不住腳了。
The currency collapsed against the dollar, making imported goods much more expensive.
該貨幣兌美元匯率暴跌，進口商品變得昂貴許多。
- plummet
describes rapid downward movement; more visual
- tumble
less extreme than 'collapse'
- fall apart
for arguments and cases; more informal
- rise
increase in value
- hold up
remain valid (for arguments)
- strengthen
become more valuable or convincing
文法句型
collapse (of prices/value/argument/market)
用法筆記
In financial contexts, 'collapse' implies a much sharper drop than 'fall' or 'decline'. For arguments, it means the reasoning no longer holds up under examination.
5. when a person suddenly falls down or becomes unable to stand because of extreme
昏倒；虛脫
人因疲憊或高溫而突然倒地不支
when a person suddenly falls down or becomes unable to stand because of extreme tiredness, illness, heat, or emotional shock
The marathon runner collapsed from heatstroke just a few hundred metres from the finish line.
那位馬拉松選手在距離終點僅幾百公尺處因中暑昏倒。
collapse from + cause (heatstroke/exhaustion)
When the nurse told him his wife was safe, he collapsed into a chair with relief.
護士告訴他妻子平安無事後，他如釋重負地癱坐在椅子上。
collapse into + chair/bed — emotional/physical
Several workers collapsed during the heatwave because the building had no air conditioning.
熱浪期間有數名工人因為大樓沒有空調而昏倒。
Nurse Elena collapsed on the sofa after working twelve hours straight at the hospital.
護理師 Elena 在醫院連續工作十二小時後，癱倒在沙發上。
The old man collapsed in the street and a passer-by called an ambulance immediately.
老人昏倒在街上，一名路人立刻叫了救護車。
- recover
regain strength after illness or tiredness
文法句型
collapse (from/with + cause)
用法筆記
The subject is always a person (or animal). Common causes follow 'with' or 'from': exhaustion, heat, hunger, relief. 'Into' describes where they fall (a chair, bed, or someone's arms).
常見錯誤
6. when a piece of furniture or equipment folds into a smaller, flatter shape so it
折疊；收合
物品可摺疊縮小以利收納或攜帶
when a piece of furniture or equipment folds into a smaller, flatter shape so it can be stored or carried more easily
The camping chairs collapse into a bag that you can carry with one hand.
露營椅可以收合成一個袋子，單手就能提著走。
furniture + collapses into + compact form
This table collapses flat for easy storage under the bed.
這張桌子可以折疊變平，方便收納在床底下。
The stroller collapses with just one button and fits into the boot of most cars.
這臺嬰兒車按一個按鈕就能收合，放進大多數汽車的後車廂。
The lightweight camping table collapses flat and fits into a small carrying bag for hiking trips.
這張輕量露營桌可以折疊變平，放進一個小提袋中，方便健行時攜帶。
文法句型
collapse (of furniture/item)
collapse + adverb/preposition (flat, down, away)
用法筆記
This sense describes a feature of well-designed objects. It is the opposite of 'expand' or 'set up'. Often used in product descriptions and instructions.
7. to cause a structure, system, or organization to fall down or fail completely, d
使倒塌；搞垮
主動施力使建築或制度倒塌
to cause a structure, system, or organization to fall down or fail completely, deliberately or accidentally
The demolition team used controlled explosives to collapse the old stadium in seconds.
拆除團隊使用控制爆破讓舊體育館在幾秒內倒塌。
transitive: collapse + object (structure)
The heavy rain collapsed the roof of the market, crushing dozens of stalls underneath.
大雨使市場的屋頂坍塌，壓壞了底下數十個攤位。
Computer hackers managed to collapse the company's entire network for several hours.
電腦駭客成功癱瘓了該公司的整個網路數小時之久。
The scandal effectively collapsed the once-powerful political party within just six months.
醜聞在短短六個月內就搞垮了這個曾經強大的政黨。
- bring down
more informal; can be physical or political
- demolish
deliberate destruction of a building
- destroy
more general; doesn't specify the manner
文法句型
collapse + object (structure/system)
用法筆記
This is the transitive/causative use. The subject (person, event, force) causes the object (structure, system, organization) to collapse. Compare with intransitive sense 1 where the structure collapses on its own.
常見錯誤
❌ 'The storm collapsed the roof.' (grammatically correct) vs. 'The roof collapsed during the storm.' — Both are correct but the transitive version focuses on the storm as the cause.
8. to reduce something to a shorter or more compact form, such as combining several
濃縮；合併
將資料或時程壓縮成更精簡的形式
to reduce something to a shorter or more compact form, such as combining several things into one or compressing a period of time
The professor collapsed the whole semester's lectures into a single intensive weekend course.
教授將整學期的課程濃縮成一個緊湊的週末密集班。
collapse + time + into — condensing timeframe
The editor collapsed the first three chapters into one to make the book flow better.
編輯將前三章合併為一章，讓書籍的節奏更流暢。
In the final report, the team collapsed all the survey data into three main findings.
團隊在最終報告中將所有調查資料歸納為三大主要發現。
The spreadsheet allows you to collapse multiple rows of data into a single summary row.
試算表可以將多列資料摺疊成單列摘要。
- condense
most direct synonym; slightly more formal
- compress
can be literal (physical) or figurative
- abbreviate
specifically for words/text
文法句型
collapse + object (information/data/courses/time)
用法筆記
This sense is common in academic, editorial, and computing contexts. Use 'into' to specify the resulting condensed form. The opposite is 'expand'.