collaboration
collaboration — 名詞
- collaborationsingular
- collaborationsplural
1. a situation where several people join forces to create something or reach a shar
合作；協作
共同合作達成目標
a situation where several people join forces to create something or reach a shared objective, each bringing their own abilities to the task
The collaboration between Ravi's lab and Dr. Okafor's team led to a major medical discovery.
Ravi 的實驗室與 Okafor 博士團隊之間的合作帶來了一項重大的醫學發現。
collocation: collaboration between [two parties]
Close collaboration among the three departments helped the hospital respond faster during the crisis.
三個部門之間的密切協作幫助醫院在危機期間更快做出應對。
Priya and Diego began their collaboration on the art project in early March.
Priya 和 Diego 在三月初開始了他們的藝術專案合作。
countable: a collaboration on [a project]
The collaboration between Wen's architecture studio and the local museum restored five ancient frescoes for the spring exhibition.
Wen 的建築工作室與當地博物館之間的合作，為春季展覽修復了五幅古代壁畫。
collocation: collaboration between [A] and [B] for [purpose]
The software company encourages collaboration between designers and engineers from day one.
這家軟體公司從第一天起就鼓勵設計師與工程師之間的合作。
collocation: encourage collaboration between
- close collaboration
- effective collaboration
- active collaboration
- collaboration between departments
- collaboration with partners
- collaboration on a project
- cooperation
more general; implies helping or not hindering rather than actively creating something together
- partnership
suggests a formal, long-term arrangement between organizations or individuals
- teamwork
focuses on how well a group works collectively, often within the same organization
- joint effort
emphasizes that the work is shared, often for a single specific task
- individual work
work done alone without input from others
- competition
working against rather than with others to achieve a goal
文法句型
collaboration between [two or more parties]
collaboration with [someone/something]
collaboration on [a project/task]
用法筆記
Commonly paired with prepositions between, with, and on. In its uncountable form, it describes the general activity; in its countable form (a collaboration), it refers to a specific working partnership or joint project.
常見錯誤
2. a finished product made through joint effort, such as a book, film, song, or res
合作作品
多人共同創作的成果
a finished product made through joint effort, such as a book, film, song, or research study that involves more than one person or organization
This photography book is a collaboration between Amara and a team of nature writers.
這本攝影集是 Amara 與一群自然作家的合作作品。
countable: a collaboration between [people]
The film was a rare collaboration between two famous directors from different countries.
這部電影是兩位來自不同國家的知名導演難得的合作作品。
Hana's latest song is a collaboration with several musicians from South America.
Hana 的最新歌曲是與幾位南美洲音樂人合作的成果。
collocation: a collaboration with [someone]
The research paper was a collaboration among universities in Japan, Brazil, and Kenya.
這篇研究論文是日本、巴西與肯亞多所大學的合作成果。
grammar pattern: a collaboration among [multiple parties]
- a unique collaboration
- a rare collaboration
- a musical collaboration
- a collaboration between artists
- a collaboration among institutions
- joint work
slightly more formal; used for academic or professional contexts
- co-production
specifically used for films, TV shows, or media projects produced by multiple companies
- co-creation
emphasizes the creative aspect; common in design, art, and innovation
- solo work
a creative work produced by one person alone
文法句型
a collaboration between [A] and [B]
a collaboration with [someone]
[adjective] collaboration between [people/groups]
用法筆記
Always countable. The focus is on the finished product rather than the process of working together. Often modified by an adjective (a unique collaboration, a landmark collaboration) or a descriptive noun (a film collaboration, a musical collaboration).
常見錯誤
3. cooperating with a hostile force that has taken over your country, viewed as a b
通敵
與佔領國家的敵人合作
cooperating with a hostile force that has taken over your country, viewed as a betrayal rather than a neutral partnership
During the war, anyone suspected of collaboration with the enemy faced severe punishment.
戰爭期間，任何涉嫌通敵的人都面臨嚴厲的懲罰。
collocation: collaboration with the enemy
The general was tried for collaboration after the occupying forces left the region.
佔領軍撤離該地區後，這位將軍因通敵而受審。
passive: tried for collaboration
Historians still debate whether her actions were survival or active collaboration.
歷史學家仍在辯論她的行為究竟是為了生存還是主動通敵。
uncountable: used without article in abstract sense
Collaboration with the occupying army was treated as treason by the post-war government.
與佔領軍合作被戰後政府視為叛國行為。
collocation: collaboration with the occupying army
- collaboration with the enemy
- suspected of collaboration
- accused of collaboration
- wartime collaboration
- active collaboration
- treason
broader legal term for betraying one's country; collaboration is a specific form of treason
- collaborationism
a more formal, academic term for the same idea; less common in everyday use
- collusion
secret cooperation, often for dishonest purposes; broader than the wartime sense
- resistance
fighting or refusing to cooperate with an occupying enemy
- patriotism
loyal support for one's country, especially during a conflict
文法句型
collaboration with [an enemy / occupying force]
suspected of collaboration
accused of collaboration
用法筆記
Always uncountable and carries a strong negative moral judgment. This sense is specific to historical or political contexts involving wartime occupation. Do not use this sense to describe ordinary business or creative partnerships.
常見錯誤
同根字
- collaborate動詞B2
- collaborative形容詞B2
- collaboratively副詞C1
- collaborator名詞C1
常見搭配
常用片語
- in collaboration with
- a spirit of collaboration
- under collaboration
- through collaboration