conflict
conflict — 名詞
1. A state of tension that arises when people or groups hold different views or pri
衝突；爭執
因意見或原則不同而產生的對立
A state of tension that arises when people or groups hold different views or principles and cannot reach an agreement.
Ramón had a conflict with his partner over how to spend company profits.
Ramón 和合夥人在如何使用公司利潤上產生了衝突。
conflict with [someone] over [topic]
The ongoing conflict between the two political parties has delayed every new law this year.
兩個政黨之間的持續衝突使得今年每一項新法案都遭到延宕。
conflict between [groups]
Meera avoids conflict at work, so she rarely shares her true opinion in meetings.
Meera 在工作上避免衝突，所以會議中很少說出真實想法。
When the conflict with her landlord grew worse, Maja decided to call a lawyer.
Maja 與房東的衝突越演越烈時，她決定打電話給律師。
- disagreement
more neutral and less intense; any difference of opinion
- dispute
more formal, often about a specific issue or fact
- clash
more sudden and direct, often involving strong emotions
- friction
ongoing low-level tension rather than a single confrontation
- agreement
the state of sharing the same opinion or reaching a common understanding
常見錯誤
2. a period or situation in which two or more countries, armies, or large groups us
戰爭；衝突
國家或群體之間的武力對抗
a period or situation in which two or more countries, armies, or large groups use weapons against each other.
The armed conflict between the two countries forced thousands of families to abandon their homes.
兩國之間的武裝衝突迫使數千個家庭逃離家園。
armed conflict
A peace agreement finally ended twelve years of violent conflict in the region last spring.
一項和平協議終於在今年春天終結了該地區長達十二年的暴力衝突。
Many soldiers returning from conflict zones struggle to adjust to everyday life at home.
許多從衝突地區返鄉的軍人難以適應平常的家庭生活。
The United Nations sent peacekeepers to prevent the conflict from spreading to neighbouring towns.
聯合國派遣維和部隊，以防止衝突擴散到鄰近的城鎮。
- war
a sustained, large-scale conflict between countries, usually officially declared
- battle
a single, specific fight within a larger war
- hostilities
formal term for acts of war; often used in news reports
- peace
a state without fighting or war
用法筆記
This sense typically appears with modifiers like 'armed', 'military', or 'violent'. It is used for group-level or international violence, not for individual fights.
常見錯誤
3. A condition where two or more ideas, beliefs, feelings, or pieces of information
矛盾；牴觸
信念、需求或事實無法並存
A condition where two or more ideas, beliefs, feelings, or pieces of information cannot both be correct or coexist at the same time.
There is a conflict between her beliefs and the advertising her company does.
她的個人信念與她公司從事的廣告業務之間存在矛盾。
conflict between [two things]
Femi felt inner conflict about going abroad for work or staying near his parents.
Femi 因出國工作還是留在父母身邊而感到內心矛盾。
inner conflict
The witness statement is in direct conflict with the footage from the security camera.
證人的陳述與監視器畫面的內容直接牴觸。
Takeshi felt a conflict between his military duty and his feelings about the war.
Takeshi 在軍人職責與個人對戰爭的感受之間產生了矛盾。
- contradiction
focuses on logical inconsistency between statements or facts
- clash
more dramatic, suggesting active opposition rather than static incompatibility
- mismatch
less formal; things that do not fit well together
- harmony
a state where things fit together well without contradiction
常見錯誤
4. An ethical problem that arises when a person's private interests or relationship
利益衝突
因個人利益而無法公正決策
An ethical problem that arises when a person's private interests or relationships could unfairly influence the decisions they make in a professional role.
A judge must withdraw from a case where a conflict of interest exists.
法官若遇到利益衝突的情況，就必須退出該案件的審理。
conflict of interest — fixed legal phrase
The mayor had a conflict of interest because his wife owned shares in the company.
該市長存在利益衝突，因為他的妻子持有該公司的股份。
All employees must declare any conflicts of interest before working on a new contract.
所有員工在承辦新合約前，都必須申報任何利益衝突。
The director sold his shares to avoid any conflict of interest during the merger talks.
該公司董事在併購談判期間出售持股，以避免利益衝突。
用法筆記
'Conflict of interest' functions as a fixed collocation in legal, business, and government contexts. It is almost always used with the determiners 'a' or 'any', and frequently appears with the verbs 'declare', 'disclose', 'avoid', or 'remove'.
常見錯誤
conflict — 動詞
1. when two or more beliefs, facts, statements, or activities are so different that
衝突；牴觸
信念或事實互相矛盾
when two or more beliefs, facts, statements, or activities are so different that they cannot both be true or both happen at the intended time.
Takeshi's work schedule often conflicts with his daughter's school plays and sports days.
Takeshi 的工作時間經常與女兒的學校話劇和運動會衝突。
conflict with [something]
The two medical studies conflict, so the team plans to run another experiment.
這兩項醫學研究的結果互相牴觸，因此團隊計畫再進行一次實驗。
two things conflict (no preposition)
Hoa's personal values conflict with the aggressive sales methods her company expects her to use.
Hoa 的個人價值觀與公司要求她使用的激進銷售手法有所衝突。
The new DNA evidence conflicts with everything the first police report claimed about the suspect.
新的DNA證據與第一份警方報告中有關嫌犯的所有說法都互相牴觸。
- contradict
stronger and more direct — one statement actively denies another
- clash
less formal, suggests a sharper and more noticeable opposition
- differ
softer — simply not being the same, without implying incompatibility
文法句型
conflict + with [something]
用法筆記
This sense is always intransitive — the two items are linked by 'with' or opposed in a 'X and Y conflict' structure. It cannot take a direct object (*'the evidence conflicts the claim').
常見錯誤
2. to engage in active fighting or heated disagreement with someone, often over a l
交戰；爭鬥
積極地爭論或打鬥
to engage in active fighting or heated disagreement with someone, often over a long period or about an important issue.
The two brothers have been conflicting over their father's property since the will was read.
遺囑宣讀之後，兩兄弟為了父親留下的房產不斷爭鬥。
conflict over [something]
Neighbouring fishing communities have conflicted with each other over access to the river for decades.
鄰近的漁業社區為了河川的使用權已經互相爭鬥數十年。
conflict with each other over [something]
When the tribes conflicted over the grazing land, village elders stepped in to negotiate.
當部落之間為了牧草地而發生衝突時，村裡的長老出面協調。
The two committees conflicted repeatedly over how to divide the annual budget.
兩個委員會在年度預算的分配上反覆爭鬥。
- cooperate
to work together towards a shared goal
文法句型
conflict + with [someone] + over [something]
用法筆記
This sense is less common in modern everyday English than the noun senses or verb sense 1. It is usually replaced by 'fight', 'argue', or 'disagree' in informal speech, and tends to appear in more formal or literary writing.