draft
/drɑːft/ (bre, ipa) · [drˈæft] /dræft/ (ame, ipa) · [drˈæft] /ˈdraft ˈdräft/ (ame, mw)
draft — 動詞
- draftpresent simple I / you / we / they
- drafts3rd person singular
- drafting-ing form
- draftedpast simple
1. to prepare a preliminary version of a written text, like a letter or report, kno
起草；草擬
撰寫文件的初稿
to prepare a preliminary version of a written text, like a letter or report, knowing you will revise it later before reaching the final version
Liang drafted the first three chapters of his novel over the summer break.
Liang 利用暑假起草了他小說的前三章。
The committee is now drafting a new policy to improve data protection.
委員會正在起草一項改善資料保護的新政策。
draft + noun phrase (policy/report/letter)
Before sending the final email, Astrid drafted three different versions.
在寄出最終版電子郵件之前，Astrid 先草擬了三個不同版本。
Our legal team will draft a contract for the partnership agreement.
我們的法律團隊將為合作協議草擬一份合約。
Cyrus spent the weekend drafting his application for the research grant.
Cyrus 整個週末都在起草他的研究補助金申請書。
- finalise
to complete the final version after the draft stage
文法句型
draft + noun phrase
用法筆記
The noun draft refers to the unfinished text itself. In UK English the noun is sometimes spelled draught for other meanings, but the verb spelling is always draft in both varieties.
常見錯誤
2. to prepare detailed technical drawings or plans for a building, bridge, machine,
繪製圖紙
為建築或機器繪製設計圖
to prepare detailed technical drawings or plans for a building, bridge, machine, or other structure before it is built or made
The architect drafted the plans for the new library in under two weeks.
建築師在兩週內就繪製好了新圖書館的設計圖。
Hassan drafted a detailed blueprint of the bridge before construction crews arrived on site.
Hassan 在施工團隊抵達現場前，先繪製了一份詳細的橋樑藍圖。
draft + blueprints/plans/designs
Engineers are now drafting designs for a safer and more efficient engine.
工程師正在繪製更安全、更高效引擎的設計圖。
The team drafted several different layouts before agreeing on one kitchen design.
團隊繪製了好幾種不同的廚房佈局，最後才選定其中一種設計。
文法句型
draft + noun phrase (plans/blueprints/designs)
用法筆記
This sense is most common in architecture, engineering, and product design contexts. The person who does this work professionally is called a drafter or draughtsman.
常見錯誤
3. to officially require someone by law to serve in a country's armed forces, typic
徵召
依法強制要求服役
to officially require someone by law to serve in a country's armed forces, typically during a war or when extra soldiers are needed
During the conflict, thousands of young men were drafted into the army.
戰爭期間，數千名年輕男性被徵召入伍。
often passive: be drafted into + army/military
Christopher's grandfather was drafted at the age of nineteen and sent overseas.
Christopher 的祖父在十九歲那年被徵召，並被派往海外。
The government drafted additional medical personnel to support military hospitals near the front line.
政府徵召了更多醫護人員，以支援前線附近的軍醫院。
Dewi refused to serve after being drafted and faced a hearing before a military court.
Dewi 在被徵召後拒絕服役，並面臨軍事法庭的聽證會。
- discharge
to officially release someone from military service
文法句型
be drafted into + noun phrase
be drafted for + noun phrase
用法筆記
In US English this is the most common word for compulsory military service. UK English more often uses conscript. Frequently used in the passive voice (be drafted).
常見錯誤
draft — 名詞
- draftsingular
- draftsplural
1. a piece of writing, a plan, or a drawing that shows the first version of somethi
草稿；草案
尚未定稿的初步文字或圖稿
a piece of writing, a plan, or a drawing that shows the first version of something, with the key points included but the full details not yet added
Romi showed the teacher the first draft of her essay on climate change.
Romi 把她的氣候變遷論文初稿拿給老師看。
first draft of [document]
The committee reviewed a draft of the new law before voting on it.
委員會在投票前審查了新法律的草案。
Noor sketched several drafts of the building before the team chose one.
Noor 畫了好幾棟建築的草圖，團隊才選定一個。
The editor sent the draft back to Andrés with notes in red pen.
編輯把草稿退回給 Andrés，上面有紅筆寫的備註。
After three drafts the novel was ready for the publisher to see.
改了三次草稿之後，這本小說終於可以給出版社看了。
- outline
a draft that lists only the main points, not the full content
- sketch
a rough drawing rather than a written draft
- rough version
informal way to refer to an early draft
- final version
the completed and polished product
文法句型
draft + of + [something]
用法筆記
Often preceded by 'first', 'second', 'rough', or 'final' to say which version. A draft can be a document, a law, a drawing, or a piece of art.
常見錯誤
2. a government system that orders people, especially young men, to serve in the ar
徵兵
政府依法強制人民服役的制度
a government system that orders people, especially young men, to serve in the armed forces for a fixed period
The government brought back the draft during the war to fill the army.
戰時政府恢復了徵兵制，以填補軍隊兵力。
the draft during [event]
Many young men were called up through the national draft in the 1960s.
一九六○年代，許多年輕人透過全國徵兵被召集入伍。
called up through the draft
Opposition to the military draft grew stronger as the conflict continued.
隨著衝突持續下去，反對徵兵制的聲浪也日益高漲。
Vikram's grandfather was sent overseas after being selected in the draft.
Vikram 的祖父在徵兵中被選中，被派往海外。
- conscription
more formal term for compulsory military service
- call-up
informal British term for being ordered to serve
- voluntary service
enlisting by choice, not by legal requirement
文法句型
the draft + [verb]
be + called up + in/by the draft
用法筆記
Used as an uncountable noun, almost always with 'the'. The system is sometimes called 'conscription' in formal contexts.
常見錯誤
3. an annual event in the US in which professional sports teams take turns choosing
選秀
美國職業運動隊選拔新球員的制度
an annual event in the US in which professional sports teams take turns choosing new young players from college or other teams
The basketball team picked a young point guard in this year's draft.
這支籃球隊在今年選秀中選了一名年輕的控球後衛。
this year's draft
Ryo watched the NFL draft on TV to see which players were chosen.
Ryo 在電視上收看 NFL 選秀，想看看哪些球員被選中。
the [sport] draft
Being the first pick in the draft is a great honor for any athlete.
在選秀中第一個被選上，對任何運動員來說都是極大的榮譽。
Christopher got invited to the NBA draft after his final college season.
Christopher 在大學最後一個賽季結束後，收到了 NBA 選秀的邀請。
- player selection
a more general term for the process of choosing athletes
文法句型
the + [sport] + draft
in/through + the draft
用法筆記
Common only in American sports. Each major league has its own event: NBA draft, NFL draft, NHL draft, etc.
4. a written document telling a bank to give a fixed sum of money to a named person
匯票
指示銀行付款的書面金融憑證
a written document telling a bank to give a fixed sum of money to a named person or business
The exporter asked for a bank draft before sending the goods overseas.
出口商要求在貨物運往海外之前先取得銀行匯票。
bank draft
Christopher paid the supplier with a draft drawn on a London bank.
Christopher 用一張由倫敦銀行開出的匯票支付供應商。
draft drawn on [bank]
The company issued a draft for the full amount of the invoice.
公司開了一張匯票，金額正好等於發票的總額。
Élise received a banker's draft to complete the property purchase.
Élise 收到了一張銀行匯票來完成這筆房地產交易。
- banker's draft
same meaning, slightly more formal
- bank cheque
a cheque guaranteed by a bank, similar to a draft
文法句型
bank draft + for + [amount]
a draft + drawn on + [bank]
用法筆記
A bank draft is more secure than a personal cheque because the bank guarantees the payment. Often used in international trade.
常見錯誤
5. a flow of cold air that comes into an indoor area through an open window, a door
穿堂風；冷風
從縫隙或門窗流入室內的冷氣流
a flow of cold air that comes into an indoor area through an open window, a door, or a crack in the wall
Megan shut the window because a cold draft was blowing through the room.
Megan 關上窗戶，因為一陣冷風正吹進房間。
cold draft
Yael felt a draft from the narrow gap under the old front door.
Yael 感覺到一陣風從老舊大門底下的窄縫灌進來。
felt a draft from [place]
An old wooden house often has drafts in winter that make heating costly.
老舊的木造房子冬天常有穿堂風，暖氣費用很高。
A cold draft came through the open window while Adaeze was reading.
Adaeze 看書的時候，一陣冷風從開著的窗戶吹了進來。
- current of air
more formal or neutral description
- breeze
a gentle wind, not necessarily cold or unpleasant
文法句型
a + draft + from + [location]
用法筆記
British English spells this sense as 'draught'. This meaning is unrelated to the other meanings of 'draft'.
常見錯誤
6. a pocket of low air pressure that appears behind a moving car or other object, a
尾流
移動物體後方低壓區，供後車省油增速
a pocket of low air pressure that appears behind a moving car or other object, allowing a vehicle behind it to save fuel or go faster
The racing driver moved close to catch the draft of the car ahead.
賽車手緊靠前車，利用前方車輛的尾流效應。
catch the draft of [vehicle]
Cyclists often ride in each other's draft to save energy during races.
自行車選手經常彼此跟騎以減少比賽中的體力消耗。
ride in [someone's] draft
By slipping into the truck's draft the small car cut its fuel use.
小型車鑽進卡車的尾流中，成功降低了油耗。
Amihan explained how a following vehicle can benefit from the draft.
Amihan 解釋了後方車輛如何利用前方車輛的尾流來省油。
- slipstream
the same concept, especially used in motorsports
- tow
less precise; can also mean being pulled by a rope
文法句型
the + draft + of + [vehicle]
ride + in + [someone's] + draft
用法筆記
The verb form 'drafting' is more common than the noun in motorsports and cycling contexts. The technique is also called 'slipstreaming'.
7. the distance from the waterline to the lowest point of a boat or ship's hull, wh
吃水深度
船體在水面以下的垂直深度
the distance from the waterline to the lowest point of a boat or ship's hull, which determines the minimum depth of water it needs to float without touching the bottom
The harbour master checked the ship's draft before allowing it to enter the shallow canal.
港務長檢查了船隻的吃水深度，然後才准許它進入那條淺水道。
possessive: ship's draft; context of navigation
A sailboat with a deep keel has a greater draft than a flat-bottomed fishing boat.
龍骨深的帆船比平底漁船的吃水深度要大。
comparative: greater draft than
The captain studied the chart carefully because his vessel had a draft of four metres.
船長仔細查看海圖，因為他的船吃水深度達四公尺。
Rivers with low water in summer can be dangerous for boats with a large draft.
夏季水位低的河流對吃水深的船隻來說可能很危險。
- draught
British spelling variant of the same term
文法句型
draft + of + number + unit
用法筆記
Frequently paired with a measurement: 'a draft of 3.5 metres'. Subject is usually a boat, ship, or vessel.
常見錯誤
8. a method of serving beer and other drinks by pumping them from a large container
桶裝
從大容器直接供應飲料的方式
a method of serving beer and other drinks by pumping them from a large container such as a barrel, rather than pouring them from a bottle or can
The pub was known for serving beer on draft from several local breweries.
那家酒吧以供應多家當地釀酒廠的桶裝啤酒而聞名。
idiom: on draft
Felix ordered a pint of draft lager instead of a bottled one.
Felix 點了一品脫桶裝拉格啤酒，而不是瓶裝的。
draft as adjective modifying drink type
The bartender connected a fresh barrel to the draft system before the evening rush.
酒保在晚間尖峰時段前將一桶新酒接上桶裝系統。
Many customers say that beer tastes better on draft than from a can.
許多顧客說桶裝啤酒比罐裝啤酒更好喝。
The restaurant installed a new draft system to offer six different kinds of ale.
那家餐廳安裝了一套新的桶裝系統，提供六種不同的麥芽啤酒。
文法句型
on draft
draft beer
draft + noun
用法筆記
Used in the fixed phrase 'on draft' to describe how a drink is served. As a modifier before a noun, 'draft' describes drinks served this way, e.g. 'draft beer', 'draft cider'.
常見錯誤
9. a single act of drinking liquid from a container, or the quantity that passes do
一口
一次吞嚥動作喝下的液體量
a single act of drinking liquid from a container, or the quantity that passes down the throat in that one action
After a long run, Élise took a deep draft of cold water from her bottle.
長跑之後，Élise 從水壺裡深深喝了一大口水。
a draft of + liquid; adjective: deep draft
The doctor asked the patient to finish the medicine in one draft.
醫生要病人把藥一口喝完。
prepositional phrase: in one draft
Naoko took a long draft of iced tea to cool down on a hot afternoon.
Naoko 喝了一大口冰茶，讓自己在炎熱的下午涼快一下。
Jude finished his juice in three quick drafts and dashed out the door.
Jude 三口就喝完了果汁，然後衝出門去。
With one final draft, Christopher emptied his cup and set it down on the table.
Christopher 喝了最後一口，清空杯子，把杯子放在桌上。
文法句型
a draft + of + drink
in one draft
in + number + drafts
用法筆記
More common in written or formal English than in everyday conversation. In casual speech, 'swallow' or 'gulp' is preferred. Often used with adjectives like 'deep', 'long', 'quick', or 'final'.
常見錯誤
10. a measured amount of liquid medicine that a person drinks at one time, especiall
一劑
一次服用的液體藥量
a measured amount of liquid medicine that a person drinks at one time, especially as a single dose
The pharmacist measured out a draft of cough syrup for the child.
藥劑師量出一劑咳嗽糖漿給那個孩子。
measured out a draft — verb collocation with pharmacist
Aylin took a draft of the herbal mixture every evening before bed.
Aylin 每晚睡前喝一劑草藥混合液。
The bottle says each draft of the liquid medicine contains 200 milligrams of the active ingredient.
瓶子上標明，每劑液體藥物含有 200 毫克的有效成分。
The nurse poured a draft of the antibiotic solution into a small paper cup.
護士將一劑抗生素藥水倒進一個小紙杯裡。
His grandmother prepared a nightly draft of warm honey and lemon for his sore throat.
他的祖母每晚為他的喉嚨痛準備一劑溫熱的蜂蜜檸檬飲。
- dose
much more common in modern medical usage; 'draft' sounds old-fashioned by comparison
文法句型
a draft + of + medicine
draft + of + liquid remedy
用法筆記
This sense is somewhat old-fashioned or formal. In modern medical contexts, 'dose' is far more common. Often used to describe home remedies or traditional medicine routines.
常見錯誤
draft — 形容詞
- draftpositive
- draftercomparative
- draftestsuperlative
1. Of a drink, especially beer or cider, kept in a barrel and poured straight from
生啤的
從桶中直接儲存供應，非瓶罐包裝
Of a drink, especially beer or cider, kept in a barrel and poured straight from it when a customer orders it, rather than being sold in a sealed bottle or can.
Sivan ordered a glass of draft lager at the pub near her flat.
Sivan 在她家附近的酒吧點了一杯生啤酒。
Draft beer often has a richer, fresher taste than bottled beer.
生啤酒的口感通常比瓶裝啤酒更濃郁新鮮。
collocation: draft beer / draft lager / draft ale
The local brewery sells both draft and bottled versions of its popular pale ale.
當地啤酒廠同時販售其受歡迎淡愛爾啤酒的生啤與瓶裝版本。
Trang asked the bartender which draft beers were available that evening.
Trang 問酒保那天晚上有哪些生啤酒可以選擇。
The waiter asked whether we wanted our ale bottled or on draft.
服務生問我們要瓶裝愛爾啤酒還是喝桶裝現壓的。
Draft ale is usually kept at a slightly warmer temperature than bottled beer.
生啤酒的保存溫度通常比瓶裝啤酒略高一些。
文法句型
draft + noun (beer, lager, ale, cider, stout)
be on draft
用法筆記
The British spelling is 'draught' for this sense. Always placed before the noun it describes when used attributively ('draft beer'), but appears after the verb in the fixed phrase 'on draft' ('This stout is on draft').
常見錯誤
2. Of animals such as horses, mules, or oxen, bred or trained to pull carts, farm e
役用的
訓練來拉動重物的動物
Of animals such as horses, mules, or oxen, bred or trained to pull carts, farm equipment, or other heavy objects rather than for riding or racing.
Farmers in the valley still use draft horses to pull their plows.
山谷裡的農夫至今仍用役馬來拉犁。
collocation: draft horses
The museum has a collection of old farming equipment for draft oxen.
該博物館收藏了一批供役牛使用的古老農具。
Draft animals like mules can carry heavy loads up steep mountain paths.
騾子等役用動物可以馱著重物爬上陡峭的山路。
Ezra watched the draft horses pull a cart full of hay across the field.
Ezra 看著役馬拉著一輛滿載乾草的馬車穿越田野。
文法句型
draft + noun (horse, ox, animal, mule)
用法筆記
The British spelling is 'draught' for this sense. This meaning is mostly historical or used in rural and traditional-farming contexts.
常見錯誤
3. Of a document, plan, drawing, or other piece of work, prepared in an early form
草稿的
尚未完成定稿的初步文件或計畫
Of a document, plan, drawing, or other piece of work, prepared in an early form that contains the main ideas but is not yet the final, complete version.
Joshua showed his teacher a draft version of his essay before the deadline.
Joshua 在截止日前把作文的草稿拿給老師看。
collocation: draft version
The committee reviewed a draft proposal before voting on the final plan.
委員會先審閱了一份提案草稿，然後才對最終版本進行投票。
collocation: draft proposal
Mei sent a draft copy of the report to her manager for comments.
Mei 把報告的草稿寄給經理，請他提供意見。
A draft agreement between the two companies was reached last night.
兩家公司昨晚達成了一項協議草稿。
The architect shared a draft drawing of the new library with the city council.
建築師向市議會展示了新圖書館的設計圖草稿。
- preliminary
more formal; used in official or academic contexts
- rough
less formal; often used for hand-drawn or quickly written work
- tentative
emphasizes that the work is not yet confirmed or final
- initial
focuses on the first stage of a process
文法句型
draft + noun (plan, document, proposal, agreement, letter, report, drawing, version)
用法筆記
This sense is used across many contexts — business, academic, legal, and creative. The related verb form 'to draft' means to produce such a preliminary version.
常見錯誤
4. Of equipment, ropes, chains, or vehicles, made to pull things that are very heav
牽引的
設計用來拉動重物的設備或繩索
Of equipment, ropes, chains, or vehicles, made to pull things that are very heavy, such as tree trunks, large machines, or other bulky items.
The ship uses heavy draft ropes to pull smaller boats into the harbor.
那艘船使用重型牽引繩將小船拉進港口。
collocation: draft ropes
Tyler checked the draft chains before attaching them to the tractor.
Tyler 在將牽引鏈連接到拖拉機之前仔細檢查了一遍。
collocation: draft chains
Draft cables on this bridge must be strong enough to lift very heavy weights.
這座橋上的牽引鋼纜必須足夠堅固，才能吊起極重的物體。
The rescue team brought extra draft ropes for pulling the car out of the mud.
救援隊帶了備用的牽引繩，準備把汽車從泥巴裡拉出來。
文法句型
draft + noun (rope, chain, cable, gear, equipment)
用法筆記
Less common than the animal sense (sense 2) but still used in technical, industrial, and maritime contexts. The British spelling is 'draught'.