graduates
graduates — 動詞
1. to finish all the required studies at a school, college, or university and recei
畢業
完成學業並獲得學位或文憑
to finish all the required studies at a school, college, or university and receive a diploma or degree.
Tanvi graduates from the National University of Singapore next June with a chemistry degree.
Tanvi 明年六月將從新加坡國立大學畢業，取得化學學位。
graduate from + institution; future tense for upcoming event
Only forty percent of the village children graduate from high school before they turn eighteen.
村裡只有四成的孩子能在十八歲前從高中畢業。
statistical context: graduate from + school
Kasia worked two part-time jobs and still graduated with first-class honours last month.
Kasia 兼了兩份打工，上個月仍以一等榮譽畢業。
More than five hundred students graduated together at the open-air ceremony yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午有五百多名學生在戶外典禮上一起畢業。
Joon plans to graduate in mechanical engineering and then move back to Busan.
Joon 打算主修機械工程畢業後，再搬回釜山。
- complete one's studies
neutral, slightly formal; describes the academic side without the ceremony
- earn a degree
American, focuses on the qualification rather than the event
文法句型
graduate from + institution
graduate in + subject
graduate with + degree class
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 2 (sense 2 is the American usage where the institution is the object: 'she graduated Harvard'). Here the institution always follows 'from', and a degree subject follows 'in'.
常見錯誤
2. to leave a school after completing the programme there, naming the school direct
畢業於
美式口語，直接以學校為受詞
to leave a school after completing the programme there, naming the school directly as the object of the verb (mainly American spoken usage).
Eshe graduated Yale in 2019 and went straight into a Brooklyn law firm.
Eshe 二〇一九年從耶魯畢業，馬上進入布魯克林一家律師事務所。
transitive: graduate + institution (American)
My cousin Camila graduated Boston Latin School and got accepted to MIT the same week.
我表妹 Camila 從波士頓拉丁學校畢業，同一週就被麻省理工錄取。
American spoken pattern: graduate + school name
Felix graduates Stuyvesant this spring and has already lined up a summer internship in Manhattan.
Felix 今年春天從史岱文森畢業，曼哈頓的暑期實習也已經談妥。
Most Americans say they graduated their college, dropping the word 'from' in casual talk.
美國人大多會說自己畢業於某大學，口語上會省略 from。
- finish [school]
neutral on both sides of the Atlantic; works in any register
文法句型
graduate + institution
用法筆記
Only common in American English, and even there many style guides recommend 'from'. In formal writing on either side of the Atlantic, prefer sense 1 with 'from'.
常見錯誤
3. to step up from an easier or earlier level of skill, work, or activity to a hard
進階到
從某階段進入更進階的階段
to step up from an easier or earlier level of skill, work, or activity to a harder or more important one — a figurative use of finishing school.
Nellie graduated from baking simple cookies to making three-tier wedding cakes within two years.
Nellie 在兩年內從烤簡單餅乾進階到製作三層婚禮蛋糕。
graduate from X to Y; progression of skill
Indra started writing fan fiction online and graduated to publishing her first novel last spring.
Indra 從在網路上寫同人小說，去年春天進階到出版第一本自己的小說。
graduate to + more serious activity
The young swimmers graduate from the shallow pool to the Olympic-sized one once they pass a test.
小泳者通過測驗後，就能從淺水池晉升到奧運規格的大泳池。
After six months on simple bookkeeping, Inês graduated to handling the full company accounts.
Inês 做了六個月的簡單記帳後，晉升到負責整間公司的帳務。
- progress to
neutral; works in any context where you advance to a new stage
- move up to
slightly informal; common in workplace and sports contexts
- regress to
formal; slide back to an earlier, less advanced stage
文法句型
graduate from X to Y
graduate to + new stage
用法筆記
Frequently followed by 'from X to Y' to mark both stages. The two stages should be on the same activity track (cooking → fancier cooking, not cooking → tennis).
常見錯誤
4. (of a school or college) to formally give somebody a diploma or degree at the en
授予學位
學校為學生頒授學位或文憑
(of a school or college) to formally give somebody a diploma or degree at the end of their studies — the institution is the subject and the student is the object.
The medical school graduates around two hundred new doctors each summer.
這所醫學院每年夏天授予學位給約兩百位新醫師。
institution as subject, students as object
Élise was graduated from the conservatory with the highest distinction in her piano year.
Élise 以鋼琴年度最高榮譽從音樂院取得學位。
passive: be graduated from + institution
Stanford graduated its first class of computer-science PhDs in 1965.
史丹佛在一九六五年授予第一屆資訊科學博士學位。
Small liberal-arts colleges graduate fewer than one hundred students every spring.
小型文理學院每年春天授予學位的學生不到一百人。
- confer a degree on
very formal; common in ceremony language
文法句型
[institution] graduates + person
be graduated from + institution
用法筆記
Subject must be an educational institution, not a person. The passive 'was graduated from' sounds old-fashioned today; modern writers usually pick the intransitive sense 1 instead.
常見錯誤
graduates — 名詞
1. somebody who has completed their studies at a university and earned the official
大學畢業生
取得大學學位的人
somebody who has completed their studies at a university and earned the official qualification.
Christopher is a Cambridge graduate who now teaches history at a school in Cardiff.
Christopher 是劍橋大學畢業生，現在在卡地夫的一所學校教歷史。
graduate of + university; identity pattern
Most of the city's new tech start-ups hire graduates straight from the local universities.
這座城市新的科技新創公司大多直接從當地大學招募畢業生。
plural: graduates straight from
As an engineering graduate, Chiara found work in Frankfurt within three months of leaving school.
身為工程系畢業生，Chiara 離校三個月內就在法蘭克福找到工作。
The unemployment rate for new graduates has fallen sharply since last winter.
去年冬天以來，新一屆大學畢業生的失業率明顯下降。
Léa, a 2023 graduate of the Sorbonne, has just published her first academic paper in Paris.
Léa 是二〇二三年的索邦大學畢業生，剛在巴黎發表她的第一篇學術論文。
- alumnus / alumna
formal; specifically a former student of a named institution
- degree holder
neutral; emphasises the qualification rather than the person
- non-graduate
neutral; someone without a degree
- school-leaver
British; someone who has left school without further study
文法句型
a graduate of [institution]
a graduate in [subject]
用法筆記
In British English, 'graduate' usually means a university degree holder. In American English the same word can also cover anyone who has finished high school (see sense 2).
常見錯誤
2. (mainly American) somebody who has finished any level of school — including high
畢業生
美式，泛指完成任何階段學業者
(mainly American) somebody who has finished any level of school — including high school — and received a diploma at the end.
Kian is a recent graduate of Lincoln High and starts his first job at a Seattle bookshop next week.
Kian 是林肯高中的應屆畢業生，下週將到西雅圖一家書店開始第一份工作。
high-school context, American usage
About ninety percent of high-school graduates in this district apply to at least one college.
本學區大約九成的高中畢業生會申請至少一所大學。
compound noun: high-school graduates
Many community-college graduates go on to four-year universities to finish their bachelor's degrees.
許多社區大學的畢業生會接著進入四年制大學完成學士學位。
The mayor congratulated the new graduates of Roosevelt Middle School at the spring ceremony.
市長在春季典禮上向羅斯福國中的新畢業生致賀詞。
- diploma holder
neutral; emphasises the certificate
- school-leaver
British; the person who has finished school at any level
- dropout
informal; someone who left school before finishing
文法句型
a graduate of [school]
a high-school graduate
用法筆記
British readers may find this confusing — in the UK a 'graduate' means specifically someone with a university degree. Reach for 'school-leaver' or 'school-finisher' if your reader is British.
常見錯誤
graduates — 形容詞
1. (mainly American) describing study, courses, or qualifications that come after a
研究所的
學士學位之後的進階學程相關
(mainly American) describing study, courses, or qualifications that come after a first bachelor's degree — for example a master's or doctoral programme.
Eitan is applying to graduate programmes in clinical psychology at three different California universities.
Eitan 正在申請加州三所大學的臨床心理學研究所學程。
attributive: graduate + noun (programmes)
Most graduate students at this university teach undergraduate classes alongside their own research.
這所大學的研究生大多會在自己做研究之外，兼任大學部課程的教學工作。
graduate students; common collocation
The library has a separate reading room reserved for graduate work and faculty research only.
圖書館有一間獨立閱覽室，只開放給研究所的研究和教師使用。
After two years of graduate study, Tanvi finally chose to focus on environmental policy.
讀了兩年研究所之後，Tanvi 終於決定專攻環境政策。
- postgraduate
British equivalent; means the same thing in British academic writing
- advanced
broader; covers any study beyond a basic level, not only post-bachelor's
- undergraduate
describes the first-degree level of study
文法句型
graduate [noun]
用法筆記
Used only before a noun (you cannot say 'the course is graduate'). British English normally prefers 'postgraduate' for the same idea: 'postgraduate programme', 'postgraduate student'.
常見錯誤
2. describing a person who has earned a university qualification — used in job titl
有學位的
用於職稱，指持有學位或文憑者
describing a person who has earned a university qualification — used in job titles and professional descriptions.
The clinic just hired three graduate nurses to support the senior consultant on the night shift.
這家診所剛聘了三位有學位的護理師，於夜班協助資深主任醫師。
graduate + profession noun (nurses)
Camila joined the bank's graduate trainee scheme straight after finishing her economics degree.
Camila 取得經濟學位後，立刻加入這家銀行的儲備幹部培訓計畫。
graduate trainee scheme; common HR collocation
The hospital advertised five graduate doctor positions for the upcoming academic year.
這間醫院為新學年公開招募五位有學位的住院醫師。
Most graduate engineers at this firm earn around forty-five thousand euros in their first year.
這家公司的新進工程師第一年平均年薪約四萬五千歐元。
- qualified
broader; works in any predicative or attributive slot
- degree-holding
neutral; explicit about the qualification
- unqualified
without the relevant degree or training
文法句型
graduate [profession noun]
用法筆記
Only used attributively in fixed job-related compounds ('graduate nurse', 'graduate engineer', 'graduate trainee'). Outside these compounds, prefer 'qualified' or 'with a degree'.