graduating
graduating — 動詞
1. to finish all the work for your bachelor's degree and receive that qualification
大學畢業
完成大學學士學位課程
to finish all the work for your bachelor's degree and receive that qualification from a university or college.
Hiro graduated from Oxford with a degree in chemistry last June.
Hiro 去年六月從牛津大學畢業，主修化學。
graduate from + university + with + degree
Camila plans to graduate next spring and start work at a hospital in Lima.
Camila 計劃明年春天大學畢業，然後到利馬一家醫院工作。
graduate + next + time-period for future plans
Only about half of the students in that program actually graduate within four years.
那個學程裡只有大約一半的學生能在四年內畢業。
After Anjali graduated in computer science, she joined a small startup in Bangalore.
Anjali 念完資訊科學畢業後，就加入了一家位於班加羅爾的小型新創公司。
- complete one's degree
more formal phrasing used on transcripts and CVs
- drop out
leave the program before finishing
文法句型
graduate + from + university
graduate + in + subject
用法筆記
Subject is the student who finishes the degree. In American English, you can also say 'graduate college' without a preposition; British English keeps 'graduate from'.
常見錯誤
2. to reach the end of your studies at a high school, university, or other learning
學業畢業
從各級學校完成學業
to reach the end of your studies at a high school, university, or other learning institution and receive a formal certificate marking that achievement.
Theo graduated from his high school in Dublin and then took a year off to travel.
Theo 從都柏林的高中畢業後，先休息一年到處旅行。
graduate from + high school
Tunde graduated last Friday and his whole family flew in from Lagos for the ceremony.
Tunde 上週五畢業，他全家人都從拉哥斯飛過來參加典禮。
common past-tense usage with family/ceremony context
She wants to graduate community college before applying to a four-year university.
她想先從社區大學畢業，再申請四年制大學。
Kemi will graduate from culinary school next month and open a small bakery.
Kemi 下個月將從廚藝學校畢業，並開一家小烘焙坊。
- finish school
informal everyday phrasing
- drop out
stop attending before finishing
文法句型
graduate + from + school
graduate + school (US)
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1: this sense covers any level of school (high school, trade school), not only a university bachelor's degree. Common phrase 'graduating class' refers to the group finishing together.
常見錯誤
3. to progress from a simpler stage, role, or version to a more advanced or importa
進階；升級
從較低階段提升到較高階段
to progress from a simpler stage, role, or version to a more advanced or important one, often as a sign of growth.
Aoi started as an unpaid intern and slowly graduated to running her own design team.
Aoi 從無薪實習生做起，慢慢晉升到帶領自己的設計團隊。
graduate to + higher role (career progression)
Many children graduate from picture books to short chapter novels around the age of seven.
許多孩子大約在七歲時，會從繪本進階到讀章節小說。
graduate from X to Y for skill progression
Once Diego could handle the small jumps, his coach let him graduate to the larger horses.
Diego 能應付小型跳欄之後，教練才讓他升級到騎較大的馬。
The band quickly graduated from tiny pubs to playing huge outdoor festivals.
那個樂團很快就從小酒吧進階到大型戶外音樂節演出。
- progress to
more neutral, less suggestive of achievement
- move up to
informal alternative
- regress
go back to an earlier stage
文法句型
graduate + from + X + to + Y
用法筆記
Frequently uses the pattern 'graduate from X to Y' to mark a clear step up. Distinguish from sense 1 and 2: no academic institution is involved; the progression is metaphorical.
常見錯誤
4. if a school or university graduates a student, it officially gives them a degree
授予學位
校方正式頒授學位給學生
if a school or university graduates a student, it officially gives them a degree, diploma, or other formal qualification.
The medical school in Cape Town graduates about two hundred new doctors every year.
開普敦那所醫學院每年大約培養出兩百名新醫生。
institution as subject + graduate + people
Saira was graduated from the academy with the highest honors in her class.
Saira 以全班最高榮譽從那所學院畢業。
passive: be graduated from + institution
Few small colleges can claim to have graduated as many famous scientists as this one.
很少有小型學院能像這所學校這樣，培養出這麼多知名科學家。
The training program graduated its first class of nurses in 1998.
那個訓練計畫於 1998 年培訓出第一屆護理畢業生。
- confer a degree on
very formal, used in ceremonies and official documents
文法句型
institution + graduate + person
用法筆記
Subject must be an institution (school, university, program), not a person. This reverses the more common pattern in senses 1-2 where the student is the subject.
常見錯誤
graduating — 名詞
1. someone who has earned a bachelor's-level qualification by completing university
大學畢業生
完成大學學位者
someone who has earned a bachelor's-level qualification by completing university study.
Most of the new staff are graduates from local universities in São Paulo.
大部分新進員工都是聖保羅當地大學的畢業生。
graduate from + named place (origin)
As a fresh graduate, Kabir found it hard to compete with people who had years of experience.
身為社會新鮮人，Kabir 發現自己很難跟有多年經驗的人競爭。
common phrase: fresh graduate
The company hires about forty graduates every summer for its training scheme.
那家公司每年夏天會招聘約四十名大學畢業生進入培訓計畫。
Mei is a graduate in economics and works for a small bank in Taipei.
Mei 是經濟系畢業生，目前在台北一家小銀行上班。
- degree holder
more formal; common in official documents
- undergraduate
still studying for the degree
文法句型
a graduate of + institution
a graduate in + subject
用法筆記
Often paired with 'fresh' or 'recent' to mean someone who has just finished. In job postings, 'graduate program' refers to a training scheme designed for new degree holders.
常見錯誤
2. someone who has finished a particular course of study at a school of any level a
畢業生
各級學校的結業者
someone who has finished a particular course of study at a school of any level and received an official certificate.
As a high school graduate, Tunde was the first in his family to wear a cap and gown.
身為高中畢業生，Tunde 是家裡第一個穿上畢業袍的人。
[school level] + graduate (compound noun)
Most graduates of the cooking academy find restaurant jobs within three months.
那所烹飪學院的畢業生大多在三個月內就能找到餐廳工作。
graduates of + institution (plural)
The training school holds a small party for its graduates every December.
那所職訓學校每年十二月都會為畢業生舉辦小型慶祝會。
Putri proudly framed her certificate as a graduate of the nursing program.
Putri 自豪地把護理課程的畢業證書裱框起來。
- alumnus
more formal; specifically a male former student (alumna for female)
- dropout
someone who left before finishing
文法句型
a [school type] graduate
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1 by checking the level: this sense covers any educational program (high school, trade school), not only a bachelor's degree.
常見錯誤
3. a glass or plastic container with marks on the side that show different amounts,
量筒
實驗室用的有刻度量液體容器
a glass or plastic container with marks on the side that show different amounts, used in labs to measure liquid.
The lab technician poured exactly fifty milliliters of acid into the graduate before adding water.
實驗室技術員將正好五十毫升的酸液倒入量筒，再加水稀釋。
lab equipment context with specific measurement
Every chemistry student in the room kept a clean graduate next to the burner.
教室裡每位化學系學生都會在本生燈旁放一支乾淨的量筒。
graduate as countable lab tool
Lin reached for the tall graduate on the back shelf to measure the dye solution.
Lin 從後面的架上拿下那支高量筒，用來量染料溶液。
The teacher asked Wei to read the level on the graduate at eye height to avoid mistakes.
老師請 Wei 視線平視量筒上的刻度，以免量錯。
- graduated cylinder
more explicit; common in school chemistry classes
- measuring cylinder
everyday British English alternative
文法句型
a graduate of + capacity
用法筆記
Mostly used in chemistry and pharmacy contexts; in everyday English people say 'measuring cup' or 'measuring cylinder' instead. Distinguish from senses 1-2: this has nothing to do with education.
graduating — 形容詞
1. describing studies or students at a level above a first university degree, such
研究所的
學士後階段的進修
describing studies or students at a level above a first university degree, such as a master's or doctorate.
Roya enrolled in a graduate program in psychology at Stanford last September.
Roya 去年九月進入史丹佛大學的心理學研究所就讀。
graduate + program (most common collocation)
The library has a quiet study area set aside only for graduate students.
圖書館有一處安靜的讀書區，只開放給研究生使用。
graduate + student (attributive use)
Folake is doing graduate work in marine biology at a university in Sydney.
Folake 正在雪梨一所大學進行海洋生物學的研究所研究。
Most graduate schools in the country require strong test scores and letters from professors.
國內大多數研究所都要求高分的考試成績與教授推薦信。
- postgraduate
British English equivalent
- undergraduate
studies for the first degree
文法句型
graduate + noun (program/student/school)
用法筆記
American English uses 'graduate' where British English usually says 'postgraduate'. Only used before a noun (attributive); you cannot say '*the student is graduate'.
常見錯誤
2. describing a person who already holds a university degree or formal qualificatio
已取得資格的
持有學位或文憑的專業人員
describing a person who already holds a university degree or formal qualification, usually mentioned to show professional standing.
The clinic only employs graduate nurses with at least two years of experience.
這家診所只聘用持有護理執照且至少兩年經驗的合格護理師。
graduate + profession (qualified professional)
Mateo applied for a graduate engineer position at a small firm in Buenos Aires.
Mateo 向布宜諾斯艾利斯一家小公司申請了正式工程師的職位。
graduate + job title
Every graduate teacher in the district must complete a year of supervised practice.
學區內每位合格教師都必須完成一年的督導實習。
The hospital is famous for training new graduate doctors before they specialise.
那家醫院以培訓新進合格醫師後再進行專科訓練聞名。
- qualified
more general; covers training that is not always a degree
- trainee
still learning the job, not yet qualified
文法句型
graduate + noun (professional)
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1: this describes a person already holding a degree; sense 1 describes the level of studies being done. Always attributive (before a noun).