inwards
inwards — 副詞
1. moving or facing from the outer surface of something toward its centre or inner
向內；朝內
朝物體內部方向移動
moving or facing from the outer surface of something toward its centre or inner area
Haruto opened the old gate and it swung inwards with a loud creak.
Haruto 打開舊門，門發出很大的吱嘎聲向內擺動。
verb of motion + inwards describing direction
The cold wind blew inwards through the crack under the door.
冷風穿過門下的裂縫向內吹了進來。
inwards + through [opening] for path of movement
As the crowd pressed inwards, the stage began to shake.
人群向內擠壓，舞台開始搖晃。
Mei-Lin breathed deeply, feeling the cool air travel inwards into her lungs.
Mei-Lin 深吸一口氣，感覺到涼爽的空氣向內進入她的肺部。
The walls of the cave sloped inwards, making the passage very narrow.
洞穴的牆壁向內傾斜，通道變得非常狹窄。
- outwards
describes movement away from the centre toward the outer surface
用法筆記
Commonly used with verbs of movement such as 'swing', 'move', 'flow', 'turn', and 'press'. The American English equivalent is 'inward'.
常見錯誤
inwards — 形容詞
1. located in the part of something that is near the centre, rather than on its out
內部的；內側
位於物體內部或近中心處
located in the part of something that is near the centre, rather than on its outer surface
Lucia ran her fingers along the inward surface of the bowl, feeling its smooth glaze.
Lucia 用手指撫摸碗的內側表面，感受其光滑的釉面。
inward + surface / side / wall
The inward curve of the spoon collected every last drop of soup.
湯匙的內彎收集了最後一滴湯。
A small inward pocket inside the jacket held his passport and wallet.
外套裡面的一個小內袋裝著他的護照和錢包。
The inward walls of the ancient temple were covered with faded paintings.
古廟的內牆上滿是褪色的壁畫。
- outer
describes the surface or side that faces away from the centre
文法句型
inward + noun
用法筆記
Almost always used before a noun (attributive position). Not typically used in comparative or superlative forms ('more inward', 'most inward').
常見錯誤
2. relating to a person's thoughts, feelings, or spiritual life, rather than their
內心的；精神
與思想、情感或心靈有關
relating to a person's thoughts, feelings, or spiritual life, rather than their physical body or material surroundings
Yoga and meditation helped Amara find a deep sense of inward calm.
瑜伽和冥想幫助 Amara 找到了一種深層的內心平靜。
inward + calm / peace / stillness
Ingrid's diary was a private record of her inward thoughts and struggles.
Ingrid 的日記記錄了她的內心想法和掙扎。
The elderly monk in the candlelit temple spoke about inward growth over material success while the young visitors glanced at their phones.
在燭光搖曳的寺院中，老僧侶對一群年輕的城市訪客談論內心成長勝過物質成就，而他們卻不時查看手機。
Despite her cheerful smile, Noa was dealing with a lot of inward pain.
儘管 Noa 臉上掛著笑容，內心卻在面對許多痛苦。
- outward
describes what is visible on the outside or related to the physical world
文法句型
inward + noun
用法筆記
Typically describes a contrast between what is happening inside a person's mind or spirit and what is visible on the outside. Frequently paired with abstract nouns like 'peace', 'strength', 'life', and 'world'.
3. spending a lot of time focusing on your own thoughts, feelings, and inner experi
內省的；向內
專注於自身內在心靈生活
spending a lot of time focusing on your own thoughts, feelings, and inner experiences rather than engaging with the world around you
After the accident, Chioma became more inward and rarely spoke about her feelings.
事故發生後，Chioma 變得更加內向，很少談論自己的感受。
The poet's inward nature kept her in her study for hours, filling notebook after notebook with verse.
這位詩人向內探索的性情使她長時間待在書房裡，一本又一本寫滿了詩句。
inward + nature / disposition / personality
Henrik had always been an inward child who preferred reading to playing with others.
Henrik 小時候就是個內向的孩子，寧可看書也不願和其他人玩耍。
Elena's inward gaze told Diego that she was lost in thought again.
Elena 內省的目光讓 Diego 知道她再度陷入沉思。
- introspective
more precise and clinical; often used in psychology
- contemplative
suggests a calm, thoughtful quality rather than simply being absorbed in oneself
- thoughtful
more general and positive; does not necessarily imply deep self-examination
- outgoing
describes someone who is sociable and engaged with others
- extroverted
a personality type focused on external stimulation and social interaction
文法句型
inward + noun
用法筆記
Used to describe a personality trait or temporary state of being absorbed in one's own thoughts. Stronger and slightly more formal than 'thoughtful' or 'reflective'.
4. known or understood very well because of a deep, personal connection or long exp
深知；默契
因深厚交情而彼此熟悉理解
known or understood very well because of a deep, personal connection or long experience
The two sisters shared an inward understanding that did not need words.
兩姊妹之間有一種無需言語的深刻默契。
inward + understanding / knowledge / familiarity
After thirty years at the same firm, the partners had an inward trust in each other.
合作三十年後，他們彼此之間建立了深厚的信任。
Only the caretaker's inward knowledge of every hidden pipe could save the old boiler before winter.
只有管理員對每條隱藏管線的深入瞭解，才能在冬天前拯救那台老舊鍋爐。
The old friends exchanged an inward smile, remembering their school days.
老朋友們交換了一個會心的微笑，回憶起他們的學生時代。
- superficial
describes a relationship or understanding that is shallow or surface-level
- external
describes knowledge or connections that do not come from deep personal involvement
文法句型
inward + noun
用法筆記
Typically paired with nouns describing a shared connection ('understanding', 'trust', 'knowlege', 'joke'). The relationship or knowledge is so deep that outsiders are excluded from it.
5. turning or pointing toward the centre or inside of something, rather than away f
向內的；朝內
指向或朝向中心／內部
turning or pointing toward the centre or inside of something, rather than away from it
The inward flow of the river pulled small branches toward the middle.
河水的向內水流將小樹枝拉向中央。
inward + flow / movement / pressure / force
Kenji noticed an inward bend in the metal pipe that was blocking the water.
Kenji 注意到金屬管上有一個向內彎曲的地方，擋住了水流。
The inward pressure of the water threatened to crack the dam.
水的向內壓力可能導致水壩破裂。
An inward slope at the top of the cliff made the climb impossible.
懸崖頂端的向內傾斜使攀登變得不可能。
- inward-facing
more explicit when describing the direction something faces; less common in formal writing
- outward
describes movement or direction away from the centre toward the outside
文法句型
inward + noun
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1 (INNER SURFACE): sense 1 describes a static location ('the inward wall'), while this sense describes a direction or movement ('an inward slope').
inwards — 名詞
1. the deepest nature of something, which is hidden and not shown on the outside
內在；本質
事物內部看不見的本質
the deepest nature of something, which is hidden and not shown on the outside
The novel explores the inward of human nature by following one family's quiet sacrifices during the long war.
這部小說透過追隨一個家庭在漫長戰爭中的默默犧牲，探討人性的內在本質。
Professor Aisha Okonkwo spent three years in the monastery archives seeking the inward of the ancient manuscript.
Aisha Okonkwo 教授耗時三年，在修道院檔案館中尋找那份古老手稿的內在本質。
the inward of + concrete noun phrase
Kwame's poem captures the inward of grief — the way a father keeps his son's shoes beside the door.
Kwame 的詩捕捉了悲傷的本質——一位父親將兒子的鞋子留在門邊的模樣。
The documentary captured the inward of village life — the unspoken trust that held the community together for generations.
這部紀錄片捕捉了村落生活的內在面貌——那份世代維繫社群的無聲信任。
文法句型
the inward of [something]
用法筆記
Very rare in modern everyday English. Mostly found in literary, philosophical, or formal writing. The plural form 'inwards' is far more common for the 'innards' sense.
2. the organs inside the body of a person or animal, especially the stomach and int
內臟；下水
人或動物體內的器官
the organs inside the body of a person or animal, especially the stomach and intestines
The hunter carefully removed the deer's inwards before cooking the meat.
獵人在烹煮鹿肉之前仔細地清除了鹿的內臟。
The fish's inwards spilled onto the dock as Omar cleaned his catch.
Omar 清理魚獲時，魚的內臟灑落到了碼頭上。
remove / clean / spill + the inwards
Vikram watched the butcher remove the chicken's inwards with skilled hands.
Vikram 看著屠夫用熟練的手去除雞的內臟。
The old fisherman could tell the fish was sick from the colour of its inwards.
老漁夫從魚的內臟顏色就能判斷這條魚是否有病。
文法句型
the inwards
用法筆記
Always takes a plural verb ('the inwards are...'). More informal and specific than 'internal organs'. In American English, 'innards' is the more common term.