managed
managed — 動詞
- managedpresent simple I / you / we / they
- manageds3rd person singular
- manageding-ing form
- managededpast simple
1. To achieve a desired result or complete a challenging task despite obstacles, la
設法做到
克服困難後成功完成
To achieve a desired result or complete a challenging task despite obstacles, lack of time, or difficulty — for example, finishing a complex project even though the deadline was very tight.
Despite the heavy rain, Paloma managed to finish the marathon in under five hours.
儘管大雨傾盆，Paloma 還是設法在五小時內跑完了馬拉松。
manage + to-infinitive for successful outcome despite obstacle
The hospital staff managed to evacuate all patients before the fire spread.
醫院員工設法在大火蔓延前疏散了所有病人。
Sven managed to convince the committee to approve the new research funding.
Sven 設法說服委員會批准了新的研究經費。
Vinícius managed to repair the old motorcycle using nothing but basic hand tools.
Vinícius 只用基本手工具就設法修好了那台舊摩托車。
Nobody thought the tiny bakery would survive, but Lien managed it through the crisis.
沒人認為那間小麵包店能撐下去，但 Lien 設法讓它度過了危機。
- contrived
more formal; suggests clever or unusual effort
- succeeded in
focuses purely on the outcome rather than the effort
- pulled off
informal; emphasizes doing something impressive despite difficulty
- failed
opposite outcome — the attempt was unsuccessful
文法句型
manage + to-infinitive
manage + noun phrase (object)
用法筆記
Frequently used with a to-infinitive clause to describe the specific achievement. The past tense suggests the action was completed.
常見錯誤
2. To keep living with very limited financial resources or without things most peop
勉強過活
靠有限金錢維持生活
To keep living with very limited financial resources or without things most people have — for example, covering all monthly expenses on a low part-time wage.
Talia managed on just her part-time salary while completing her nursing degree.
Talia 靠兼職薪水勉強過活，同時完成了護理學位。
manage on + (amount/resource)
Mert's family somehow managed without a car for the entire winter.
Mert 一家在沒有車的情況下勉強撐過了整個冬天。
The students managed on a very tight budget during their year abroad.
那群學生在國外的一年靠非常緊縮的預算勉強過活。
Tendai managed with only two hours of electricity per day during the power cuts.
在停電期間，Tendai 靠每天僅兩小時的電力勉強度日。
- got by
informal; emphasizes just barely having enough
- made ends meet
idiomatic; focuses on balancing income and expenses
文法句型
manage + on + (amount of money)
manage + without + (something)
用法筆記
Usually intransitive or followed by 'on' + a sum of money or 'without' + a resource. The focus is on survival with limited means.
常見錯誤
3. To succeed in attending an event, keeping an appointment, or doing something at
設法趕上
在特定時間成功出席或完成
To succeed in attending an event, keeping an appointment, or doing something at a specific time, especially when your schedule was already full — for example, fitting a doctor's appointment into a busy work day.
Madison managed to catch the early train despite her alarm not going off.
儘管鬧鐘沒響，Madison 還是設法趕上了早班火車。
manage + to-infinitive in past tense with schedule challenge
Vikram managed to fit a dentist appointment into his lunch hour.
Vikram 設法在午餐時間抽空去看了牙醫。
Maeve managed to attend the school play even though she had to work late.
儘管必須加班，Maeve 還是設法參加了學校話劇。
The director managed a quick visit to the construction site between meetings.
主管在會議空檔設法抽空去了趟工地。
- found time for
less formal; focuses on time scheduling
- made time for
emphasizes prioritising over other commitments
- missed
failed to attend or catch something
文法句型
manage + to-infinitive + time context
manage + noun phrase (appointment/event)
用法筆記
Unlike sense 1, the difficulty here is specifically about time and scheduling rather than inherent task difficulty. Often used with time references like 'on time', 'between meetings', 'in time for'.
4. To direct, supervise, and coordinate the activities of a company, a team, a proj
管理；經營
負責控制或組織事物
To direct, supervise, and coordinate the activities of a company, a team, a project, or similar organized group — for example, running a hotel, leading a sales department, or overseeing a construction project.
Feng managed a team of fifteen software engineers at the startup.
Feng 在那間新創公司管理一個十五人的軟體工程團隊。
manage + a team of people
Mert managed the family restaurant for over twenty years before retiring.
Mert 經營家族餐廳超過二十年，之後才退休。
The librarian managed the daily operations of the town's main branch library.
那位圖書館員管理鎮上主要分館的日常運作。
A local charity managed the distribution of food and blankets after the earthquake.
地震過後，一個在地慈善機構管理食物和毛毯的發放。
Yan managed her father's schedule and travel arrangements for three years.
Yan 為她父親安排行程和差旅事務，長達三年之久。
- ran
more informal; common for small businesses or daily operations
- directed
more formal; implies strategic leadership
- supervised
focuses on overseeing people's work rather than business strategy
- administered
formal; often used for organizations, policies, or systems
- mis-managed
handled poorly or incompetently
文法句型
manage + (business/team/project)
manage + (someone's career/affairs)
用法筆記
The object is typically an organization, team, project, or set of responsibilities. Unlike sense 1, the focus here is on ongoing responsibility and control rather than a single difficult achievement.
常見錯誤
managed — 形容詞
- managedpositive
- more managedcomparative
- most managedsuperlative
1. Done or arranged in a deliberate, controlled way, often giving an impression of
刻意；節制
經過仔細控制安排的
Done or arranged in a deliberate, controlled way, often giving an impression of careful restraint rather than natural spontaneity — for example, a politician's rehearsed answers that avoid any risky topics.
Her managed response to the criticism sounded like it had been carefully rehearsed.
她對批評做出的刻意回應，聽起來像經過仔細排練。
managed + response / reaction (controlled, not natural)
The company's managed expansion allowed them to avoid taking on too much debt.
公司精心安排的擴張策略讓他們避免背負過多債務。
The interview felt managed, as though every question had an answer ready.
那場訪談感覺像是精心安排的，彷彿每個問題都準備好了答案。
Paloma's managed smile did little to hide her disappointment at the result.
Paloma 刻意的微笑幾乎藏不住她對結果的失望。
- controlled
broader meaning; less negative connotation of artificiality
- measured
suggests careful thought rather than artificial restraint
- restrained
focuses on holding back rather than deliberate staging
- spontaneous
natural and unplanned; the opposite of controlled arrangement
用法筆記
This adjective is commonly used before nouns related to communication or behaviour: 'response', 'smile', 'tone', 'approach'. It often carries a slightly negative connotation of artificiality or lack of spontaneity.