norma

norma — 名詞

1. a generally accepted standard, rule, or model that people use to shape their jud

1.名詞C1
釋義

標準；常模

用來判斷或引導行為的普遍標準

a generally accepted standard, rule, or model that people use to shape their judgments or guide their actions, especially in academic or professional discussions.

例句

In her research on classroom behavior, Hana compared the social normas of two different schools.

Hana 在她的課堂行為研究中，比較了兩所學校的社會常模。

social normas — standards of group behaviour

Before the conference, Sofia checked the publication norma for submitting co-authored papers.

在會議前，Sofia 查閱了關於提交共同作者論文的發表標準。

publication norma — formal standard guiding academic practice

同義詞
  • norm

    far more common in everyday English; 'norma' is more formal or academic

  • standard

    emphasises a level of quality or achievement, while 'norma' focuses on what is typical or expected

  • rule

    more prescriptive and explicit, whereas 'norma' can be a less formal, implicit pattern

  • benchmark

    a specific point of reference for comparison, narrower than 'norma'

反義詞
  • anomaly

    something that deviates from the norma or expected pattern

文法句型

norma + of + noun

用法筆記

In modern English, 'norm' is far more common than 'norma' for this sense. Use 'norma' only in formal academic writing or when referring to the Latin term itself.

常見錯誤

❌The social norma of this group are different.
✅The social normas of this group are different.
💡'norma' is a countable noun and takes a plural form.

2. in anatomy, a fixed direction or angle from which a body part — most often the h

2.名詞C2
釋義

觀位

解剖學觀察顱骨的標準方向

in anatomy, a fixed direction or angle from which a body part — most often the human skull — is viewed, described, or measured in a standard way.

例句

The medical student studied the skull in norma lateralis to identify the temporal bone.

醫學生從側面觀位（norma lateralis）研究頭骨，以辨識顳骨。

norma lateralis — standard side view of the skull

From norma frontalis, the two eye sockets appear as large rounded openings.

從正面觀位（norma frontalis）來看，兩個眼眶呈現大的圓形開口。

同義詞
  • view

    less precise; 'norma' in anatomy refers specifically to a standardised viewing direction

  • aspect

    used similarly in anatomical descriptions but less common than 'norma' in this context

文法句型

norma + [Latin adjective]

用法筆記

The anatomical normas are always referred to by their Latin names: norma frontalis (front view), norma lateralis (side view), norma verticalis (top view), and norma basalis (bottom view). These are fixed technical terms.

常見錯誤

❌The front view norma
✅norma frontalis
💡the Latin adjective follows 'norma' as a fixed compound term.

3. a line, shape, or curve that marks the outer surface or boundary form of the sku

3.名詞C2
釋義

顱骨輪廓

標示顱骨外形邊界的線條

a line, shape, or curve that marks the outer surface or boundary form of the skull, often recorded for study or comparison.

例句

The researcher traced the norma of the ancient skull to record its exact shape.

研究員描繪了這具古代頭骨的輪廓線，以記錄其確切形狀。

norma — traced/drawn contour of the cranium

Each norma on the diagram shows a different curve of the cranium's outer surface.

圖中的每一條輪廓線都顯示了顱骨外表面的不同曲線。

同義詞
  • contour

    more general term for any outline; 'norma' is specific to the cranium

  • outline

    simpler word but less specific to anatomical context

  • profile

    often used for the side view of the face or skull

文法句型

norma + of + noun

用法筆記

This sense is closely related to sense 2 but focuses on the traced outline itself rather than the viewing direction. Distinguish it from 'norma' as a viewing angle by checking whether the text describes a drawn line or a perspective.

常見錯誤

❌The norma of the skull was broken.
✅The norma of the skull showed an unusual curve.
💡'norma' is a contour or outline, not a physical part of a bone.

4. a small, faint constellation in the southern sky, located between the constellat

4.名詞C2
釋義

矩尺座

南天星座，形狀如繪圖用矩尺

a small, faint constellation in the southern sky, located between the constellations Ara and Lupus, whose shape represents a drafting square used by carpenters and architects.

例句

From the observatory in Chile, Reuben could see Norma low on the southern horizon.

從智利的天文台望去，Reuben 看到矩尺座低垂在南方的地平線上。

the constellation Norma — proper noun for the star group

Norma is a small constellation that lies between Ara and Lupus in the night sky.

矩尺座位於天壇座與豺狼座之間，是一個小型星座。

同義詞

文法句型

the constellation Norma

Norma is + preposition

用法筆記

Norma is one of 88 modern constellations named by the French astronomer Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille in the 18th century. It is never visible from latitudes north of about 30°N.

常見錯誤

❌I saw Norma in the northern sky last night.
✅I saw Norma in the southern sky last night.
💡Norma is a southern-hemisphere constellation and cannot be seen from most of the northern hemisphere.