sink

IPA/sɪŋk/
KK[sˈɪŋk]IPA/sɪŋk/

sink — 動詞

  • sinkpresent simple I / you / we / they
  • sinkshe / she / it
  • sankpast simple
  • sunkpast participle
  • sinking-ing form

1. to go down through water or a soft substance so that the top is no longer visibl

1.動詞及物 / 不及物B1
釋義

下沉;沉沒

在液體或軟質物體中向下移動至表面以下

to go down through water or a soft substance so that the top is no longer visible, or to cause something to do this — for instance, a pebble dropping all the way down in a pool, or a boat going under after a hole is torn in its side.

例句

The old fishing boat began to sink after hitting a sharp rock near the shore.

那艘舊漁船撞到岸邊的尖銳岩石後開始下沉。

intransitive: boat/object + sink

Ilan dropped his car keys into the lake and watched them sink slowly.

伊蘭的車鑰匙掉進湖裡,他看著鑰匙慢慢沉下去。

intransitive: object + sink + adverb

常見搭配
  • sink slowly
  • sink rapidly
  • sink to the bottom
  • sank into the mud
  • sink like a stone
  • sink without a trace
同義詞
  • submerge

    more formal and usually transitive; suggests complete coverage by liquid

  • go under

    phrasal verb, informal; used mainly for ships or people in water

  • plunge

    more forceful and sudden than sink

反義詞
  • float

    to stay on the surface of a liquid

  • rise

    to move upward to or toward the surface

文法句型

sink + into/in + noun phrase (intransitive)

sink + object + into/in + noun phrase (transitive)

用法筆記

Subject can be either the thing that goes down (intransitive: The boat sank) or the person who causes it (transitive: They sank the boat). The intransitive use is more common in everyday speech. For the transitive use, the agent is usually a person, a force of nature, or a deliberate action.

常見錯誤

The stone sunk to the bottom.
The stone sank to the bottom.
'sink' is an irregular verb: sink-sank-sunk. Use 'sank' for simple past.
I sink the ball into the basket yesterday.
I sank the ball into the basket yesterday.
The past tense is 'sank', not 'sink'.

2. to go gradually down to a lower position, level, or emotional state because of t

2.動詞不及物B1
釋義

落下;降低

因虛弱、疲憊或逐漸變化而緩慢向下移動

to go gradually down to a lower position, level, or emotional state because of tiredness, weakness, or slow change — for example, settling into a chair after a long day, the sun dropping out of sight, or your confidence dropping when things go badly.

例句

After working twelve hours, Élise sank into the sofa and closed her eyes.

工作了十二小時後,Élise 陷進沙發裡閉上了眼睛。

sink + into + furniture (resting)

The sun sank below the horizon and the sky turned deep orange.

太陽沉到地平線以下,天空變成深橘色。

intransitive: sun + sink (daily event)

常見搭配
  • sink into a chair
  • sink to the floor
  • sun sinks
  • voice sinks
  • hopes sink
  • spirits sink
  • sink back
  • sink slowly
  • sink gradually
同義詞
  • drop

    more general; can be fast or slow, intentional or accidental

  • descend

    more formal; often used for gradual, controlled downward movement

  • slump

    suggests falling or dropping suddenly because of tiredness or lack of strength

反義詞
  • rise

    to move upward

  • lift

    to move to a higher position

文法句型

sink + adverb/preposition (into/onto/back/to/below)

用法筆記

Intransitive only in this sense; you cannot say 'I sank my voice' — use 'lowered' instead. Frequently used with prepositions like into, onto, to, below, or adverbs like slowly, gradually. Common with body parts (sank to his knees, sank back) and abstract subjects (heart, spirits, hopes).

常見錯誤

I sank myself onto the bed.
I sank onto the bed.
'sink' in this sense is intransitive; do not add an object or reflexive pronoun.
His voice was sank to a low tone.
His voice sank to a low tone.
Use active past tense 'sank', not passive 'was sunk'.

3. to put a ball through a hole, pocket, or basket during a game such as golf, snoo

3.動詞及物B2
釋義

進球;擊入

在運動比賽中將球打入洞、袋或籃框

to put a ball through a hole, pocket, or basket during a game such as golf, snooker, or basketball by striking or throwing it accurately.

例句

Romi sank a twelve-foot putt on the final hole to win the match.

Romi 在最後一洞推進十二英尺的推桿,贏得了比賽。

golf: sink + [distance] + putt

Yuna sank the last red ball into the corner pocket and cleared the table.

Yuna 將最後一顆紅球打進角落袋,清空了檯面。

snooker: sink + ball + into + pocket

常見搭配
  • sink a putt
  • sink a shot
  • sink a ball
  • sink a free throw
  • sink a three-pointer
  • sink from long range
  • sink the black ball
同義詞
  • pot

    British English; used specifically in snooker and pool

  • make

    general sports term; 'make a shot' can replace 'sink a shot'

  • score

    broader meaning; applies to any way of earning points

反義詞
  • miss

    to fail to hit the target or get the ball in

  • brick

    slang, basketball-specific; a badly missed shot

文法句型

sink + noun phrase (ball/putt/shot)

用法筆記

Transitive only; always takes a ball as the direct object. Often used with a modifier that specifies the type of shot (sank a long putt, sank a free throw). In basketball 'sink' is less common than 'make' but is used in sports commentary. In snooker and pool, this is the standard verb for potting a ball.

常見錯誤

He sunk the ball into the basket.
He sank the ball into the basket.
Past tense of 'sink' is 'sank' (not 'sunk') for simple past.
She sank the basket.
She sank the ball (into the basket).
You sink the ball, not the basket itself.

4. to make an opening in the earth and place something inside, or to cause a struct

4.動詞及物B2
釋義

挖;埋入

在地上挖洞並放入某物,或將某物埋入地下

to make an opening in the earth and place something inside, or to cause a structure to extend downward into the soil — for instance, putting a fence post into a hole, boring a well for water, or setting a foundation for a building.

例句

The villagers sank a well behind the school to get clean drinking water.

村民們在學校後面挖了一口井,以獲得乾淨的飲用水。

sink + a well (digging for water)

Ayesha sank the fence posts two feet into the ground before adding cement.

Ayesha 將籬笆柱敲進地下兩英尺深,然後灌入水泥。

sink + object + [depth] + into + ground

常見搭配
  • sink a well
  • sink a shaft
  • sink a post
  • sink a foundation
  • sunk into the ground
  • sink deep
  • sink a pipe
同義詞
  • dig

    general term; 'dig a well' is more common than 'sink a well'

  • bury

    to place something in the ground and cover it

  • embed

    to fix something firmly in a surrounding mass

反義詞
  • unearth

    to dig something up from the ground

  • expose

    to uncover or reveal what was buried

文法句型

sink + noun phrase + into + noun phrase (ground/earth)

sink + noun phrase (well/shaft/post)

用法筆記

Transitive only. The direct object is either what is placed in the ground (a post, a pipe, a body) or what is created by digging (a well, a shaft). The object placed is followed by into + ground/earth/soil or a depth specification. In mining contexts, 'sink a shaft' is the standard expression.

常見錯誤

He sunk the post into the earth.
He sank the post into the earth.
Past tense is 'sank'; 'sunk' is the past participle.
The workers sunk a well.
The workers sank a well.
Irregular verb: sink-sank-sunk.

5. to make something fail completely, end, or reach a very bad state — for example,

5.動詞及物B2
釋義

搞垮;毀掉

使某事完全失敗或陷入極糟的局面

to make something fail completely, end, or reach a very bad state — for example, a scandal sinking a politician's career, or high costs sinking a small business.

例句

The corruption scandal sank the mayor's chances of being re-elected.

那樁貪腐醜聞毀掉了市長連任的機會。

scandal/event + sink + chances (career failure)

High operating costs sank the family restaurant within two years of opening.

高昂的營運成本讓這家家庭餐廳開業不到兩年就倒閉了。

financial cost + sink + business

常見搭配
  • sink a business
  • sink a plan
  • sink hopes
  • sink chances
  • sink a career
  • sink a deal
同義詞
  • ruin

    more general; can apply to people, objects, events, and plans

  • destroy

    stronger; implies complete and irreversible damage

  • wreck

    informal; suggests violent or careless destruction

反義詞
  • save

    to prevent failure or loss

  • rescue

    to bring something back from failure or danger

文法句型

sink + noun phrase (business/plan/relationship/career)

用法筆記

Transitive only. Subject is typically an event, cost, scandal, or action — NOT a person. You would say 'The scandal sank his career' but not 'He sank his career' in this sense (that would be sense 1, literally dropping it in water). Use 'ruin' or 'destroy' for personal agency. The past participle 'sunk' is also used adjectivally: 'a sunk cost' or 'we are sunk'.

常見錯誤

The low score sunk his chances.
The low score sank his chances.
Simple past is 'sank', not 'sunk'. Use 'sunk' as the past participle: 'His chances were sunk by the low score.'
My boss sank my proposal yesterday.
My boss rejected my proposal yesterday.
'sink' in this sense is for complete, final failure, not simple rejection.
片語動詞

sink in

phrasal verb

To become fully understood or realized.

被理解

It took a few minutes for the bad news to sink in.

The teacher's explanation slowly sank in for the confused student.

sink into

phrasal verb

To gradually enter a particular state or condition.

陷入

After the argument, she sank into a deep silence.

The old house is slowly sinking into decay.

慣用語

to be in a situation where you must succeed by your own efforts or fail completely, with no help from anyone else.

成敗全靠自己;自生自滅;不成功便成仁

The new trainees were given no guidance — it was sink or swim from day one.

Starting your own business is a sink-or-swim situation that tests every skill you have.

a sudden sad or worried feeling you get when you realise something bad has happened or is about to happen.

心一沉;心涼了半截;不祥的預感

Her heart sank when she saw the bill for the car repairs.

Tuan had a sinking feeling as he opened the envelope with his exam results.

to agree to stop arguing about disagreements and work together towards a shared goal.

擱置分歧;放下歧見

The two political parties sank their differences to pass the emergency law.

Siblings need to sink their differences and support each other during a family crisis.

to be completely absorbed in a particular state of mind, especially deep thought, unhappiness, or depression.

陷入(沉思/絕望);沉浸在某種狀態中

The old man sat by the window, sunk in thought and staring at the rain.

After losing his job, Soraya's father was sunk in despair for weeks.

to behave in a way that is morally worse than ever before, or to reach the lowest possible standard of behaviour.

墮落到新低點;行為低劣到極點

The politician sank to a new low by lying about the charity donations.

I never thought he would sink so low as to steal money from his own mother.

To be completely absorbed in a particular mood or activity.

沉浸於

Maya was sunk in thought during the entire train ride.

After the news, he remained sunk in deep sadness for hours.

To leave a failing organization or situation without concern for those who remain.

棄船逃生

When the company started losing money, many managers left like rats deserting a sinking ship.

The team's best players are deserting a sinking ship after a terrible season.

To suddenly feel very disappointed or discouraged.

心一沉

My heart sank when I saw the long line at the ticket counter.

Her heart sank as she read the rejection letter from the university.

A sudden unpleasant feeling that something bad has happened or will happen.

不祥的預感

I got that sinking feeling when I realized I left my wallet at home.

A sinking feeling came over Sara as she heard the strange noise.

To behave in a morally unacceptable way.

墮落到

How could you sink so low as to cheat on the exam?

I never thought Diego would sink to stealing from his own family.

To behave worse than ever before.

跌至新低

The politician stooped to an all-time low with those false accusations.

Reality TV has sunk to new lows with that shocking episode.

sink — 名詞

同根字

  • sinking
    形容詞B2
  • sunken
    形容詞B2
  • sinker
    名詞C1
  • sinkable
    形容詞C1

常見搭配

名詞搭配

  • boat
  • ship
  • stone
  • sun
  • voice
  • hopes
  • heart
  • spirits
  • well
  • shaft
  • post
  • business
  • career
  • chances

副詞搭配

  • slowly
  • rapidly
  • quickly
  • gradually
  • deeply
  • straight

常用片語

  • sink like a stone
  • sink without a trace
  • sink or swim
  • sink your teeth into
  • everything but the kitchen sink

介系詞搭配

  • into
  • in
  • to
  • below
  • beneath
  • under
  • through