stunted
stunted — 形容詞
1. describes a living thing that is much smaller than normal because it did not get
發育不良的
因營養或環境不佳而未長到正常大小
describes a living thing that is much smaller than normal because it did not get enough food, light, or care during its development
The stunted apple trees in the rocky soil never produced more than a few tiny fruits.
那些在多石土壤中生長不良的蘋果樹，從未結出超過幾個小果實。
adj before noun: stunted + noun
Years of poor nutrition left the village children with stunted bodies and weak bones.
多年的營養不良導致村裡的孩子們發育遲緩、骨骼脆弱。
caused by poor nutrition
The stunted bushes along the coast had been twisted by constant salt winds into strange shapes.
海岸邊那些發育不良的灌木叢，被持續的鹹風吹成了奇形怪狀。
Rescue workers found a stunted puppy hiding underneath the collapsed wooden shed.
救援人員在倒塌的木棚下發現了一隻發育不良的小狗。
- dwarfed
focuses on being kept small, often intentionally or through natural limits
- undersized
simply describes being below average size, without the implication of hindered development
- withered
suggests drying up or shrivelling, not just small size
- full-grown
having reached normal adult size
- flourishing
growing vigorously and healthily
用法筆記
Most commonly used to describe plants, trees, or body parts that have not reached their expected size.
常見錯誤
stunted — 動詞
1. to stop something from growing, developing, or improving as it normally would by
阻礙；妨礙
阻止生長、發展或進步
to stop something from growing, developing, or improving as it normally would by creating unfavourable conditions
Lack of sunlight stunted the tomato plants in the small north-facing garden.
陽光不足導致朝北小花園裡的番茄植株生長受阻。
stunt + noun (plant) as direct object
Constant moving during childhood stunted the twins' ability to form lasting friendships.
童年時期不斷搬家，妨礙了那對雙胞胎建立持久友誼的能力。
Poor funding has stunted the hospital's plans to build a new children's wing.
資金不足阻礙了醫院擴建新兒科病房的計劃。
The severe drought badly stunted the wheat harvest across the southern plains.
嚴重的乾旱大大抑制了南部平原的小麥收成。
Dr. Okonkwo warned that high lead levels in the water could stunt children's brain development.
Okonkwo 醫生警告說，水中鉛含量過高可能阻礙兒童的大腦發育。
文法句型
stunt + noun phrase
用法筆記
The subject is often a negative environmental factor (drought, poor nutrition, disease) or lack of resources. Frequently used in passive voice: 'The crop was stunted by early frost.'
常見錯誤
2. to perform dangerous or skilful physical actions, especially as part of a movie,
表演特技
做出危險或高難度的動作
to perform dangerous or skilful physical actions, especially as part of a movie, show, or sport event
The motorcycle rider stunted across the parking lot, popping a wheelie for the cheering crowd.
摩托車騎士在停車場表演特技，對著歡呼的群眾翹孤輪。
stunt as intransitive verb: [subject] + stunted + location phrase
The stunt pilot stunted above the airfield, looping and rolling through the morning sky.
特技飛行員在機場上空表演特技，在晨空中翻滾迴旋。
用法筆記
⚠️ Note: different word. This sense of stunt (to perform daring feats) comes from a different origin than the hinder-growth sense and has no etymological connection. Both are included here from the source dictionary even though they are separate words.
stunted — 名詞
1. a living thing, especially an animal or plant, that is much smaller than normal
發育不全者
因生長條件差而體型異常小的生物
a living thing, especially an animal or plant, that is much smaller than normal because of poor conditions during its development
The zookeeper separated the stunted from the healthy animals for supplementary feeding.
動物園管理員將發育不良的個體與健康的動物分開，進行補充餵養。
nominalized adjective: 'the stunted' used as a noun
Among the rescued, the stunted required more nutritional care than the others.
在被救回的動物中，發育不良者比其他的需要更多營養照護。
用法筆記
Uncommon in everyday conversation. More often used in scientific or agricultural writing to refer to a specific specimen.
2. a condition in which the normal increase in size or development of a living thin
生長停滯
生長或發育速度減慢或停止的現象
a condition in which the normal increase in size or development of a living thing is slowed down or stopped
The paediatrician diagnosed the child's growth stunting as a result of a hormone imbalance.
小兒科醫生診斷該名兒童的生長遲滯是荷爾蒙失調造成的。
noun form: 'growth stunting'
The farming report noted widespread stunting of corn across the Midwest after the early frost.
那份農業報告指出，早霜過後中西部地區出現了玉米大面積生長受阻的現象。
用法筆記
This noun sense is technical and rarely appears outside medical or agricultural reports. Not interchangeable with the more common adjective sense.
3. a plant disease, especially affecting crops like corn or rice, that causes the p
矮化病
導致作物植株異常矮小的疾病
a plant disease, especially affecting crops like corn or rice, that causes the plant to stay much smaller than healthy plants of the same type
Farmers in the region lost nearly half their corn yield to maize stunting last season.
該地區的農民上一季因玉米矮化病損失了近一半的收成。
disease name: 'maize stunting'
The plant pathologist identified the disease as a fungal stunting common in wet climates.
植物病理學家確認這種疾病是一種潮濕氣候常見的真菌性矮化病。
用法筆記
Used as a countable or uncountable disease name in agriculture: 'maize stunting', 'rice stunting'. Not the same as the general noun for a stunted organism.