commissioning
commissioning — 動詞
- commissioningpresent simple I / you / we / they
- commissionings3rd person singular
- commissioninging-ing form
- commissioningedpast simple
1. officially hiring an artist, writer, or builder to create something specific for
委託；委製
正式委託他人創作或執行特定工作
officially hiring an artist, writer, or builder to create something specific for you in return for payment, with the result usually being a one-off product.
The city is commissioning a young sculptor to create a fountain for the new park.
市政府正委託一位年輕雕塑家為新公園打造一座噴泉。
commission + person + to-infinitive
Caleb spent six months commissioning local artists to paint murals across the railway underpass.
Caleb 花了六個月時間委託當地藝術家在鐵路涵洞各處繪製壁畫。
The magazine is commissioning a series of photo essays on small island communities.
那本雜誌正委製一系列關於小島社區的攝影專題。
Élise was commissioning a new wedding ring from a jeweller in the old town.
Élise 正向舊城區的一位珠寶匠訂製一只新婚戒。
Several universities are commissioning independent studies into student housing costs.
好幾所大學正委託獨立研究探討學生住宿成本。
- ordering
more general; covers everyday goods, not just custom creative work
- engaging
focuses on hiring the person rather than the work produced
- appointing
official-sounding; usually for roles or positions, not pieces of work
文法句型
commission someone to do something
commission a piece of work
用法筆記
Object is usually a creative or research output (painting, study, report, building, song). Subject is typically an institution, company, or wealthy patron rather than an ordinary person.
常見錯誤
2. granting someone the formal rank of officer in an army, navy, or air force, usua
授階；任官
正式授予軍官官階
granting someone the formal rank of officer in an army, navy, or air force, usually through a ceremony at a military academy.
Hari was commissioning the new graduates as second lieutenants in front of their families.
Hari 在學員家屬面前正式授予新畢業生少尉官階。
passive shape: be commissioned as / into
The academy is commissioning ninety cadets at this morning's parade on the south lawn.
軍校今天上午在南草坪的閱兵典禮上為九十位學員授階。
Britain stopped commissioning officers straight from civilian life after the First World War.
第一次世界大戰後，英國便不再直接從平民中任命軍官。
Eitan dreamed of commissioning his daughter into the navy when she finished her training.
Eitan 夢想著等女兒受訓完畢後就送她進海軍任官。
- appointing
broader; covers any official role, not specifically military officer rank
- promoting
moving someone up; commissioning is the first granting of officer status
- decommissioning
removing rank or active service status
文法句型
commission someone (as) [rank]
be commissioned into [branch]
用法筆記
Almost always describes a formal ceremony, not a paperwork promotion. Distinguish from sense 1: this sense never takes a piece of work as object — only a person being given rank.
常見錯誤
commissioning — 名詞
1. an official body whose members are appointed by a government or large organisati
委員會
官方指派調查或治理事務的小組
an official body whose members are appointed by a government or large organisation to investigate something, run an enquiry, or supervise an area of public life.
Kian was asked to give evidence to the commissioning on election fairness.
Kian 應邀向選舉公平委員會作證。
The government set up a commissioning to investigate the causes of the train crash.
政府成立了一個委員會來調查列車事故的原因。
set up / appoint / chair + a commission
Pim chairs the European Commission's working group on coastal flooding.
Pim 主持歐盟委員會中關於沿海洪災的工作小組。
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission heard testimony from more than two thousand witnesses.
真相與和解委員會聽取了兩千多位證人的證詞。
A commissioning of experts is expected to publish its findings next spring.
一個專家委員會預計明年春天公布調查結果。
文法句型
a commissioning on [topic]
the [Name] Commission
用法筆記
Subject of verbs like 'investigate', 'recommend', 'rule', 'publish'. Often takes 'on' + topic ('a commission on prisons'). In English usage the noun 'commission' is far more common than 'commissioning' for this sense.
常見錯誤
2. the money a salesperson, agent, or broker is paid based on how much they sell or
佣金；抽成
按銷售額或業績計算的酬勞
the money a salesperson, agent, or broker is paid based on how much they sell or how much business they bring in.
Tomás earns a ten per cent commissioning on every car he sells at the dealership.
Tomás 在車行每賣出一輛車就抽百分之十的佣金。
[N]% commission on X
The estate agents in Hyun's neighbourhood charge a higher commissioning than the online services.
Hyun 住的那一帶，房仲收的佣金比線上服務還高。
Christopher's only income last winter was the small commissioning he made from selling kitchen knives door to door.
Christopher 去年冬天唯一的收入，就是挨家挨戶賣廚刀賺到的那一點佣金。
Many financial advisers now work for a flat fee rather than on commissioning.
現在很多財務顧問都改收固定費用，不再靠佣金維生。
Baraka split the commissioning evenly with the colleague who introduced her to the buyer.
Baraka 把佣金跟那位介紹她認識買家的同事平分了。
- cut
informal; the speaker's share of a deal
- percentage
neutral; the share itself, not always tied to selling
- brokerage
specifically the fee a broker takes on a financial trade
- salary
fixed monthly pay, not tied to sales volume
文法句型
earn / get / pay [a] commission
on commission
[N]% commission
用法筆記
Often expressed as a percentage of the sale value. 'On commission' (without an article) is a fixed phrase meaning paid this way rather than by salary.
常見錯誤
3. a formal request that someone produces a piece of art, writing, or research for
委託案；訂作
付費請人創作或撰寫的案子
a formal request that someone produces a piece of art, writing, or research for an agreed payment.
Lauren turned down a commissioning from a luxury hotel to paint murals in its lobby.
Lauren 婉拒了一家精品旅館請她在大廳繪製壁畫的委託案。
accept / turn down / take + a commission
The composer's first big commissioning was a piece for the city's centenary concert.
那位作曲家拿到的第一件大型委託案，是為市政百年音樂會寫一首樂曲。
Sayaka pays the rent mostly through small commissionings from local cafés and bookshops.
Sayaka 主要靠當地咖啡店和書店的小型委託案來付房租。
Selim received a commissioning from the museum to write a guidebook for visiting students.
Selim 接到博物館的委託案，要為來校外教學的學生撰寫一本導覽手冊。
- assignment
broader; can be any task, not necessarily paid creative work
- brief
British; emphasises the instructions given, not the contract
- contract
formal legal document; a commissioning is more often a creative agreement
文法句型
a commissioning from [client]
accept / take a commissioning
用法筆記
Object/source is the client; product is usually creative or scholarly. Distinguish from sense 2 (sales-based pay): a commissioning here is the WORK itself, not a percentage of a sale.
常見錯誤
4. the actual carrying out of a crime, fraud, or other wrongful act.
犯案；犯下
實際做出犯罪或不法行為
the actual carrying out of a crime, fraud, or other wrongful act.
Two witnesses saw Megan near the bank around the time of the commissioning of the robbery.
兩名證人在搶案發生時看見 Megan 出現在銀行附近。
the commissioning of + crime noun
The diary entries placed the suspect far from the city during the commissioning of the fraud.
日記內容顯示，那起詐欺案發生時，嫌犯人在離市區很遠的地方。
Wei was charged with helping in the commissioning of a serious tax offence.
Wei 被起訴協助一起嚴重逃漏稅案件。
Several letters were sent before the commissioning of the assault, the court was told.
法庭聽到，在那起傷害案發生前曾有人寄出多封信件。
- perpetration
very formal legal term; almost identical meaning
- carrying out
neutral and clearer for non-specialist readers
- prevention
stopping the crime before it happens
文法句型
the commissioning of [a crime / offence]
用法筆記
Almost only appears in legal or journalistic writing; spoken English prefers 'when the crime was committed'. Subject of 'witness', 'aid', 'prevent'.
常見錯誤
5. the formal military rank that makes someone an officer, often confirmed by a sig
軍官官階
在軍中擔任軍官的正式身分
the formal military rank that makes someone an officer, often confirmed by a signed certificate from the head of state or armed services.
Zayd was proud to receive his commissioning as a naval officer at the age of twenty-two.
Zayd 二十二歲就榮獲海軍軍官的官階，他深感驕傲。
The framed commissioning hung above the fireplace in Lauren's grandfather's old study.
Lauren 祖父老書房的壁爐上方掛著一張裱框的軍官任官狀。
Caleb resigned his commissioning after eight years to study medicine in the south.
Caleb 服役八年後辭去軍職，到南部去念醫學。
Megan held a commissioning in the Royal Air Force before joining the airline as a pilot.
Megan 在加入航空公司當機師前，曾在英國皇家空軍任過軍官。
文法句型
hold / receive / resign a commissioning
用法筆記
Possessive is typical ('his commission', 'her commission'). Distinguish from sense 6 (general authority to act): this sense is specifically military rank, not any authority document.
常見錯誤
6. the formal permission, written or spoken, to act for another person or body and
授權；委任
代表他人行使特定職權的正式許可
the formal permission, written or spoken, to act for another person or body and carry out a specific duty.
Hari travelled to the islands under a commissioning from the colonial governor in 1873.
1873 年，Hari 帶著殖民地總督的授權前往那些島嶼。
act / travel / serve + under a commission from
The bishop gave the young priest a commissioning to set up a school in the mountain village.
主教委任那位年輕神父到山村去創辦一所學校。
Élise carried a commissioning from the king to negotiate peace with the northern tribes.
Élise 持國王的授權，前往與北方部族進行和平談判。
The lawyer was acting under a written commissioning from the dying landowner.
那位律師是依照那位垂危地主給的書面委任在行事。
- mandate
modern equivalent; the right to act granted by authority
- authorisation
neutral; the document or act of granting permission
- warrant
formal legal document granting permission
文法句型
a commissioning to do something
act under [someone's] commissioning
用法筆記
Old-fashioned or historical in feel; modern English usually prefers 'authority', 'mandate', or 'authorisation'. Distinguish from sense 5: this sense is general authority to act, not specifically military rank.