concluding
concluding — 形容詞
1. coming at the very end of something such as a book, speech, ceremony, or event,
結尾；最後
位於整件事最末段、用來收尾的
coming at the very end of something such as a book, speech, ceremony, or event, and finishing it off.
In her concluding paragraph, Folake thanked her family and friends.
在結尾的那一段裡，Folake 感謝了她的家人與朋友。
attributive: concluding + paragraph
The concluding chapter of the novel explained why Felix had left town.
小說最後的一章解釋了 Felix 為什麼會離開那個小鎮。
common collocation: concluding chapter
Eitan delivered the concluding speech at his grandfather's funeral.
Eitan 在祖父的告別式上發表了結尾的致詞。
The concluding scene of the play showed all the characters back on stage together.
這齣戲最後的一幕讓所有角色一起重新站上舞台。
Samir saved his strongest point for the concluding minutes of the debate.
Samir 把最有力的論點留到辯論最後幾分鐘才講。
- opening
the matching first-position adjective: opening chapter / concluding chapter
- introductory
for the very beginning section that sets things up
文法句型
concluding + noun
用法筆記
Attributive only — placed before a noun (the concluding chapter), never after a verb like 'be'. Common nouns it pairs with include chapter, paragraph, scene, remarks, speech, sentence, ceremony.
常見錯誤
concluding — 動詞
1. the present-participle form used when someone is finishing a meeting, speech, ce
結束；收尾
正在把會議、演講或儀式做收尾的動作
the present-participle form used when someone is finishing a meeting, speech, ceremony, letter, or other event, often by saying or doing one last thing.
Concluding the meeting, Hoa thanked everyone for staying late.
在結束會議時，Hoa 感謝大家留到這麼晚。
fronted -ing clause: Concluding X, [subject] [verb]
Benjamin is concluding his speech with a short poem about his mother.
Benjamin 正用一首關於母親的小詩來結束他的演講。
conclude with + noun phrase
After concluding the ceremony, the priest walked slowly down the aisle.
在儀式結束之後，那位神父慢慢地走下走道。
Felipe was concluding his letter when the doorbell rang.
Felipe 正在收尾他的信時，門鈴突然響了。
Eliska finished the concert by concluding with a famous Czech folk song.
Eliska 用一首有名的捷克民謠為這場音樂會收尾。
- ending
everyday neutral alternative; works in any context
- wrapping up
informal; common in spoken English for meetings and talks
- finishing
broader; can also mean physically completing a task, not only events
文法句型
conclude + something
conclude with + noun
conclude by + -ing
用法筆記
Subject is usually a person (a speaker, writer, or leader); the object is typically an event or piece of communication (meeting, speech, ceremony, letter, talk). Often appears in a fronted -ing clause: 'Concluding the meeting, she …'
常見錯誤
2. the present-participle form used when someone is forming a firm opinion after lo
推斷；認定
根據事實或證據而正在下定論
the present-participle form used when someone is forming a firm opinion after looking at facts, clues, or test results — for example, a doctor deciding what is wrong with a patient, or a police officer working out who broke into a house.
After reading the report twice, Noor was concluding that the figures could not be right.
把報告讀過兩次之後，Noor 正在推斷那些數字不可能正確。
conclude that + clause
Luca kept concluding from the muddy footprints that someone had walked through the kitchen.
Luca 一直從那些泥腳印推斷有人走過了廚房。
conclude from + evidence + that-clause
The doctor was concluding that Hui had simply caught a bad cold and needed rest.
那位醫師正在認定 Hui 只是得了重感冒，需要好好休息。
Concluding that no one was home, the postman left the parcel by the back door.
認定屋裡沒人，郵差就把包裹放在後門旁邊。
Feng was concluding from the broken glass that a small bird had flown into the window.
Feng 正從那些碎玻璃推斷有一隻小鳥撞上了窗戶。
- deciding
broader; doesn't always involve weighing evidence
- inferring
more formal and academic; emphasises the logical step from evidence
- working out
informal; suggests solving a small puzzle rather than reaching a firm judgement
文法句型
conclude that + clause
conclude from + evidence + that + clause
用法筆記
Almost always takes a that-clause naming the opinion that has been formed. Distinguish from sense 1 (BRING TO END): here nothing physical is being finished — someone is making up their mind based on facts.
常見錯誤
3. the present-participle form used when two sides are finally settling and signing
簽訂；達成
雙方正式談妥並簽下協議或合約
the present-participle form used when two sides are finally settling and signing a deal, treaty, contract, or formal arrangement after talks.
The two governments are concluding a trade deal that has taken three years to negotiate.
兩國政府正在簽訂一份談了三年的貿易協議。
conclude + a [trade] deal
Paloma's firm is concluding a five-year contract with a hospital in Lagos.
Paloma 的公司正在和 Lagos 的一家醫院簽訂為期五年的合約。
conclude + a contract + with + organisation
After months of careful talks, the two countries were finally concluding a peace treaty.
經過好幾個月的細心商談，兩國終於要簽訂一份和平條約了。
Jabari's team spent the morning concluding the sale of an old factory in Birmingham.
Jabari 的團隊整個上午都在處理伯明罕一間老工廠的買賣交割。
At midnight the lawyers were still concluding the agreement under candlelight.
深夜十二點，那群律師還在燭光下敲定那份協議。
- finalising
very close; emphasises the last paperwork stage
- signing
narrower; focuses on the moment names go on the document
- settling
informal; can also mean ending a dispute, not only making a deal
- breaking off
for ending talks before any deal is reached
文法句型
conclude + a deal / treaty / agreement / contract
conclude + an agreement with someone
用法筆記
Object must be something formal that two or more parties agree to: a deal, treaty, contract, agreement, sale. Distinguish from sense 1 (BRING TO END), where the object is an event being finished, and from sense 2 (DECIDE FROM EVIDENCE), where there is a that-clause.