concluding
concluding — 形容詞
1. coming at the very end of something such as a book, speech, ceremony, or event,
結尾；最後
位於整件事最末段、用來收尾的
coming at the very end of something such as a book, speech, ceremony, or event, and finishing it off.
In her concluding paragraph, Folake thanked her family and friends.
在結尾的那一段裡，Folake 感謝了她的家人與朋友。
attributive: concluding + paragraph
The concluding chapter of the novel explained why Felix had left town.
小說最後的一章解釋了 Felix 為什麼會離開那個小鎮。
common collocation: concluding chapter
Eitan delivered the concluding speech at his grandfather's funeral.
Eitan 在祖父的告別式上發表了結尾的致詞。
concluding + speech / remarks at a ceremony
The concluding scene of the play showed all the characters back on stage together.
這齣戲最後的一幕讓所有角色一起重新站上舞台。
Samir saved his strongest point for the concluding minutes of the debate.
Samir 把最有力的論點留到辯論最後幾分鐘才講。
- concluding chapter
- concluding paragraph
- concluding remarks
- concluding scene
- concluding speech
- concluding sentence
- opening
the matching first-position adjective: opening chapter / concluding chapter
- introductory
for the very beginning section that sets things up
文法句型
concluding + noun
用法筆記
Attributive only — placed before a noun (the concluding chapter), never after a verb like 'be'. Common nouns it pairs with include chapter, paragraph, scene, remarks, speech, sentence, ceremony.
常見錯誤
concluding — 動詞
1. the present-participle form used when someone is finishing a meeting, speech, ce
結束；收尾
正在把會議、演講或儀式做收尾的動作
the present-participle form used when someone is finishing a meeting, speech, ceremony, letter, or other event, often by saying or doing one last thing.
Concluding the meeting, Hoa thanked everyone for staying late.
在結束會議時，Hoa 感謝大家留到這麼晚。
fronted -ing clause: Concluding X, [subject] [verb]
Benjamin is concluding his speech with a short poem about his mother.
Benjamin 正用一首關於母親的小詩來結束他的演講。
conclude with + noun phrase
After concluding the ceremony, the priest walked slowly down the aisle.
在儀式結束之後，那位神父慢慢地走下走道。
after concluding + object
Felipe was concluding his letter when the doorbell rang.
Felipe 正在收尾他的信時，門鈴突然響了。
Eliska finished the concert by concluding with a famous Czech folk song.
Eliska 用一首有名的捷克民謠為這場音樂會收尾。
conclude by + -ing
- concluding the meeting
- concluding the speech
- concluding the ceremony
- concluding with a song
- concluding by thanking
- ending
everyday neutral alternative; works in any context
- wrapping up
informal; common in spoken English for meetings and talks
- finishing
broader; can also mean physically completing a task, not only events
文法句型
conclude + something
conclude with + noun
conclude by + -ing
用法筆記
Subject is usually a person (a speaker, writer, or leader); the object is typically an event or piece of communication (meeting, speech, ceremony, letter, talk). Often appears in a fronted -ing clause: 'Concluding the meeting, she …'
常見錯誤
2. the present-participle form used when someone is forming a firm opinion after lo
推斷；認定
根據事實或證據而正在下定論
the present-participle form used when someone is forming a firm opinion after looking at facts, clues, or test results — for example, a doctor deciding what is wrong with a patient, or a police officer working out who broke into a house.
After reading the report twice, Noor was concluding that the figures could not be right.
把報告讀過兩次之後，Noor 正在推斷那些數字不可能正確。
conclude that + clause
Luca kept concluding from the muddy footprints that someone had walked through the kitchen.
Luca 一直從那些泥腳印推斷有人走過了廚房。
conclude from + evidence + that-clause
The doctor was concluding that Hui had simply caught a bad cold and needed rest.
那位醫師正在認定 Hui 只是得了重感冒，需要好好休息。
Concluding that no one was home, the postman left the parcel by the back door.
認定屋裡沒人，郵差就把包裹放在後門旁邊。
fronted -ing clause: Concluding that …, [subject] [verb]
Feng was concluding from the broken glass that a small bird had flown into the window.
Feng 正從那些碎玻璃推斷有一隻小鳥撞上了窗戶。
- concluding that
- concluding from the evidence
- concluding from the results
- deciding
broader; doesn't always involve weighing evidence
- inferring
more formal and academic; emphasises the logical step from evidence
- working out
informal; suggests solving a small puzzle rather than reaching a firm judgement
文法句型
conclude that + clause
conclude from + evidence + that + clause
用法筆記
Almost always takes a that-clause naming the opinion that has been formed. Distinguish from sense 1 (BRING TO END): here nothing physical is being finished — someone is making up their mind based on facts.
常見錯誤
3. the present-participle form used when two sides are finally settling and signing
簽訂；達成
雙方正式談妥並簽下協議或合約
the present-participle form used when two sides are finally settling and signing a deal, treaty, contract, or formal arrangement after talks.
The two governments are concluding a trade deal that has taken three years to negotiate.
兩國政府正在簽訂一份談了三年的貿易協議。
conclude + a [trade] deal
Paloma's firm is concluding a five-year contract with a hospital in Lagos.
Paloma 的公司正在和 Lagos 的一家醫院簽訂為期五年的合約。
conclude + a contract + with + organisation
After months of careful talks, the two countries were finally concluding a peace treaty.
經過好幾個月的細心商談，兩國終於要簽訂一份和平條約了。
conclude + a peace treaty
Jabari's team spent the morning concluding the sale of an old factory in Birmingham.
Jabari 的團隊整個上午都在處理伯明罕一間老工廠的買賣交割。
At midnight the lawyers were still concluding the agreement under candlelight.
深夜十二點，那群律師還在燭光下敲定那份協議。
- concluding a deal
- concluding a treaty
- concluding a contract
- concluding an agreement
- concluding a sale
- finalising
very close; emphasises the last paperwork stage
- signing
narrower; focuses on the moment names go on the document
- settling
informal; can also mean ending a dispute, not only making a deal
- breaking off
for ending talks before any deal is reached
文法句型
conclude + a deal / treaty / agreement / contract
conclude + an agreement with someone
用法筆記
Object must be something formal that two or more parties agree to: a deal, treaty, contract, agreement, sale. Distinguish from sense 1 (BRING TO END), where the object is an event being finished, and from sense 2 (DECIDE FROM EVIDENCE), where there is a that-clause.
常見錯誤
同根字
- conclude動詞B2
- conclusion名詞B1
- conclusive形容詞C1
- conclusively副詞C1
- inconclusive形容詞C1