fortified
/ˈfɔː.tɪ.faɪd/ (bre, ipa) · /ˈfɔːr.t̬ə.faɪd/ (ame, ipa) · /ˈfȯr-tə-ˌfīd/ (ame, mw)
fortified — 形容詞
- fortifiedpositive
- more fortifiedcomparative
- most fortifiedsuperlative
1. of a city, building, or place: protected from enemy attack by thick walls, tower
設防的
築有城牆、堡壘等防禦工事的
of a city, building, or place: protected from enemy attack by thick walls, towers, or other military structures built around it
Carcassonne is a fortified medieval town with two rings of stone walls.
Carcassonne 是一座設防的中世紀城鎮，外圍有兩道石牆。
fortified + noun (place name as scenario anchor)
Roman legions camped each night inside a fortified position with ditches and wooden stakes.
羅馬軍團每晚都在設防的營地裡紮營，外圍挖有壕溝、立有木樁。
fortified + noun (military context)
Jude photographed the fortified hill fort during his trip to north Wales.
Jude 在北威爾斯旅行時拍下了那座設防的山頂堡壘。
The rebels could not take the fortified palace, even after a six-month siege.
即使圍攻了六個月，叛軍仍攻不下這座設防的宮殿。
Tourists can still walk along the fortified gates that once guarded the old city.
遊客現在仍能沿著從前守護舊城的設防城門漫步。
- unfortified
direct opposite: with no defensive structures
- open
of a city: undefended and free to enter
文法句型
fortified + noun (city, town, wall, position)
用法筆記
Almost always used before a noun (attributive). Common nouns: city, town, wall, gate, position, camp, palace, monastery. Rarely used after 'be' in this sense — 'the city is fortified' sounds more like an action result than a fixed description.
常見錯誤
2. of a food, drink, or cereal: having extra vitamins, minerals, or other nutrients
強化的
添加維生素、礦物質等營養素的食品
of a food, drink, or cereal: having extra vitamins, minerals, or other nutrients put into it so that it is healthier to eat
Brandon poured a bowl of cereal fortified with iron and B vitamins.
Brandon 倒了一碗強化了鐵與 B 群維生素的麥片。
collocation: fortified with [nutrient]
Many schools now serve milk fortified with vitamin D to younger children.
現在許多學校為較小的孩子提供強化了維生素 D 的牛奶。
passive-like: noun + fortified with + nutrient
Femi reads every label, looking for breads fortified with folic acid.
Femi 看每張標籤，尋找強化了葉酸的麵包。
The flour sold here is fortified with calcium, helping families avoid bone problems.
這裡賣的麵粉強化了鈣質，可幫助家庭避免骨骼問題。
Aylin chose an oat drink fortified with calcium because she does not drink cow's milk.
Aylin 因為不喝牛奶，所以選了強化了鈣質的燕麥飲。
- enriched
near-synonym in food labelling; enriched often replaces nutrients lost in processing, fortified often adds more than the original food had
- supplemented
more clinical; usually about pills or diets, less about packaged foods
- unfortified
without added nutrients (e.g. unfortified rice)
- plain
informal: without extras of any kind
文法句型
fortified with + noun (vitamins, iron, calcium)
用法筆記
Almost always followed by 'with + [nutrient]'. Subject is typically a staple food: cereal, flour, milk, bread, salt. Distinguish from sense 4: nutrient fortification (sense 2) makes the food healthier; alcohol fortification (sense 4) raises the drink's strength.
常見錯誤
3. of a wine or similar drink: having extra spirits such as brandy added during or
加烈的
加入烈酒以提高酒精濃度的酒
of a wine or similar drink: having extra spirits such as brandy added during or after fermentation, which raises the alcohol level and changes the flavour
Sora poured small glasses of fortified wine for the guests after dessert.
甜點過後，Sora 為客人們倒了幾小杯加烈酒。
collocation: fortified wine
Port and sherry are the two most famous fortified wines in the world.
波特酒與雪利酒是世界上最有名的兩種加烈酒。
fortified wine as a classification
Esteban explained that fortified wine usually contains around twenty percent alcohol.
Esteban 解釋說加烈酒的酒精含量通常在百分之二十左右。
A small glass of fortified wine helped Indra's grandmother sleep after dinner.
晚餐後，一小杯加烈酒幫助 Indra 的祖母入睡。
The cellar in Porto holds barrels of fortified wine aging slowly for decades.
波多市的酒窖裡，整桶整桶的加烈酒慢慢陳年數十年。
- dessert wine
overlapping category — most fortified wines are sweet and drunk with dessert, but not all dessert wines are fortified
- unfortified
table wine with only its natural fermentation alcohol
文法句型
fortified + noun (wine, beverage)
用法筆記
Subject is almost always 'wine' — collocates strongly as 'fortified wine'. The named members of this class (port, sherry, Madeira, Marsala, vermouth) are usually called by their own name; the umbrella term 'fortified wine' covers all of them.
常見錯誤
4. made physically stronger by adding extra material such as steel, concrete, or th
加固的
加入鋼材、混凝土等加強結構的
made physically stronger by adding extra material such as steel, concrete, or thick padding, so that the thing can resist heavy loads, blows, or pressure
Rohan kicked open the fortified door, which was lined with metal sheets.
Rohan 一腳踹開那扇加固的門，門上襯著金屬片。
collocation: fortified door / fortified vehicle
The bank kept its cash inside a fortified safe bolted to the basement floor.
銀行把現金放在一個加固的保險櫃裡，櫃子用螺栓固定在地下室地板上。
Engineers built the bridge with fortified concrete to handle heavy trucks.
工程師以加固的混凝土建造這座橋，以承受重型卡車。
Adina's car has a fortified windscreen that does not crack when small stones hit it.
Adina 的車裝有加固的擋風玻璃，小石頭打到也不會裂。
Soldiers travelled to the border in a fortified vehicle with steel plates on every side.
士兵搭乘一輛四面都有鋼板的加固車輛前往邊界。
- reinforced
closest synonym; reinforced is the more common engineering term, fortified often suggests security or threat
- armoured
narrower — armoured specifies metal plating, especially for vehicles or doors
- flimsy
weak and easy to break
- unreinforced
technical opposite, especially of structures
文法句型
fortified + noun (structure, material)
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1: sense 1 is about military defence of places; this sense is about physical reinforcement of everyday objects (doors, vehicles, safes, glass, concrete). The added material is usually named or implied (steel, padding, reinforced bars).
常見錯誤
5. of a person: feeling braver, calmer, or physically stronger because of something
受到鼓舞的
因食物、話語等而變得更堅強的
of a person: feeling braver, calmer, or physically stronger because of something received, such as a meal, kind words, faith, or good news
Christopher felt fortified by a hot breakfast before the long mountain hike.
在漫長的登山行程之前，Christopher 吃了一頓熱騰騰的早餐，覺得精神大振。
fortified by + noun (predicative position)
Fortified by her mother's advice, Luca walked confidently into the interview room.
受到母親建議的鼓舞，Luca 自信地走進面試室。
fronted: Fortified by X, Subject + verb
The runners felt fortified by the loud cheers from the crowd along the route.
沿途群眾的大聲歡呼讓跑者們倍感振奮。
Jessica went into the meeting fortified by two cups of strong coffee.
Jessica 喝了兩杯濃咖啡，精神振作後才走進會議。
Rin felt fortified by her prayers and walked calmly into the courtroom.
Rin 從她的祈禱中獲得力量，平靜地走進法庭。
- strengthened
broader and more common; strengthened can be physical or emotional
- emboldened
narrower — emboldened means specifically given the courage to act
- heartened
near-synonym for the emotional sense; less about physical energy
- weakened
physically or mentally less strong than before
- discouraged
emotional opposite when the cause is bad news or harsh words
文法句型
fortified by + noun (food, advice, news, prayer)
用法筆記
Used after 'be' or 'feel', or fronted as 'Fortified by X, …'. The cause is named with 'by + noun'. Formal or literary; in everyday speech 'strengthened' or 'encouraged' is more common.